Association between calculated remnant cholesterol levels and incident risks of Alzheimer’s disease among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: a real-world study
ObjectiveAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a leading cause of dementia, with a rising global burden. Remnant cholesterol (RC), a component of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, has been implicated in cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders, but its role in AD remains unclear. This study investigated...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2024.1505234/full |
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| author | Huimeng Jia Liuyu Zhang Huijuan Liao Yiming Li Pan Liu Qin Shi Bo Jiang Xian Zhang Yufeng Jiang Zhihong Nie Mei Jiang |
| author_facet | Huimeng Jia Liuyu Zhang Huijuan Liao Yiming Li Pan Liu Qin Shi Bo Jiang Xian Zhang Yufeng Jiang Zhihong Nie Mei Jiang |
| author_sort | Huimeng Jia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ObjectiveAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a leading cause of dementia, with a rising global burden. Remnant cholesterol (RC), a component of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, has been implicated in cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders, but its role in AD remains unclear. This study investigated the association between RC levels and the risk of AD among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a real-world clinical setting.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using electronic medical records from Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, covering the period from 2013 to 2023. The study included 15,364 elderly patients aged 65-80 years with T2D. RC levels were calculated using the equation. The primary outcome was the diagnosis of AD, validated by neurologists using ICD-10-CM code G30. Cox proportional hazards models were employed to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for AD across quartiles of RC levels, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsOver a mean follow-up of 3.69 ± 1.33 years, 312 new cases of AD were identified. A U-shaped relationship was observed between RC levels and AD risk, with the lowest risk associated with RC levels between 0.58-0.64 mmol/L. Both lower (<0.52 mmol/L) and higher (≥0.77 mmol/L) RC levels were linked to increased AD risk. Compared to the reference group (Q2: 0.52-0.64 mmol/L), the adjusted HRs (95% CI) for the lowest and highest quartiles were 1.891 (1.368-2.613) and 1.891 (1.363-2.622), respectively. Each 1 mmol/L increase in RC was associated with a 3.47-fold higher risk of AD (HR=4.474, 95% CI 2.330-8.592).ConclusionRC levels may serve as a predictive biomarker for AD risk, with both extremes posing a higher risk. Future studies should explore the mechanistic pathways and potential interventions targeting RC to prevent AD in high-risk populations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7be43679afec41d28d9b35dcb79ac3fd |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1664-2392 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj-art-7be43679afec41d28d9b35dcb79ac3fd2025-08-20T02:06:54ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922024-11-011510.3389/fendo.2024.15052341505234Association between calculated remnant cholesterol levels and incident risks of Alzheimer’s disease among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: a real-world studyHuimeng Jia0Liuyu Zhang1Huijuan Liao2Yiming Li3Pan Liu4Qin Shi5Bo Jiang6Xian Zhang7Yufeng Jiang8Zhihong Nie9Mei Jiang10Department of General Medicine, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of General Medicine, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of General Medicine, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of General Medicine, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of General Medicine, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of General Medicine, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of General Medicine, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, Haishu District People’s Hospital, Ningbo, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of General Medicine, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Neurology, Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai, ChinaObjectiveAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a leading cause of dementia, with a rising global burden. Remnant cholesterol (RC), a component of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, has been implicated in cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders, but its role in AD remains unclear. This study investigated the association between RC levels and the risk of AD among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in a real-world clinical setting.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using electronic medical records from Gongli Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New Area, covering the period from 2013 to 2023. The study included 15,364 elderly patients aged 65-80 years with T2D. RC levels were calculated using the equation. The primary outcome was the diagnosis of AD, validated by neurologists using ICD-10-CM code G30. Cox proportional hazards models were employed to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for AD across quartiles of RC levels, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsOver a mean follow-up of 3.69 ± 1.33 years, 312 new cases of AD were identified. A U-shaped relationship was observed between RC levels and AD risk, with the lowest risk associated with RC levels between 0.58-0.64 mmol/L. Both lower (<0.52 mmol/L) and higher (≥0.77 mmol/L) RC levels were linked to increased AD risk. Compared to the reference group (Q2: 0.52-0.64 mmol/L), the adjusted HRs (95% CI) for the lowest and highest quartiles were 1.891 (1.368-2.613) and 1.891 (1.363-2.622), respectively. Each 1 mmol/L increase in RC was associated with a 3.47-fold higher risk of AD (HR=4.474, 95% CI 2.330-8.592).ConclusionRC levels may serve as a predictive biomarker for AD risk, with both extremes posing a higher risk. Future studies should explore the mechanistic pathways and potential interventions targeting RC to prevent AD in high-risk populations.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2024.1505234/fullAlzheimer’s diseaseremnant cholesterolreal world studycholesterolbiomarker |
| spellingShingle | Huimeng Jia Liuyu Zhang Huijuan Liao Yiming Li Pan Liu Qin Shi Bo Jiang Xian Zhang Yufeng Jiang Zhihong Nie Mei Jiang Association between calculated remnant cholesterol levels and incident risks of Alzheimer’s disease among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: a real-world study Frontiers in Endocrinology Alzheimer’s disease remnant cholesterol real world study cholesterol biomarker |
| title | Association between calculated remnant cholesterol levels and incident risks of Alzheimer’s disease among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: a real-world study |
| title_full | Association between calculated remnant cholesterol levels and incident risks of Alzheimer’s disease among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: a real-world study |
| title_fullStr | Association between calculated remnant cholesterol levels and incident risks of Alzheimer’s disease among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: a real-world study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association between calculated remnant cholesterol levels and incident risks of Alzheimer’s disease among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: a real-world study |
| title_short | Association between calculated remnant cholesterol levels and incident risks of Alzheimer’s disease among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes: a real-world study |
| title_sort | association between calculated remnant cholesterol levels and incident risks of alzheimer s disease among elderly patients with type 2 diabetes a real world study |
| topic | Alzheimer’s disease remnant cholesterol real world study cholesterol biomarker |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2024.1505234/full |
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