The Fate of the Tumor in the Hands of Microenvironment: Role of TAMs and mTOR Pathway
Since 2000, written with elegance and accuracy, Hanahan and Weinberg have proposed six major hallmarks of cancer and, together, they provide great advances to the understanding of tumoral biology. Our knowledge about tumor behavior has improved and the investigators have now recognized that inflamma...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2016-01-01
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| Series: | Mediators of Inflammation |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8910520 |
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| _version_ | 1832563785584345088 |
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| author | Danilo Figueiredo Soave Marina Pacheco Miguel Fernanda Dias Tomé Liliana Borges de Menezes Patrícia Resende Alo Nagib Mara Rúbia Nunes Celes |
| author_facet | Danilo Figueiredo Soave Marina Pacheco Miguel Fernanda Dias Tomé Liliana Borges de Menezes Patrícia Resende Alo Nagib Mara Rúbia Nunes Celes |
| author_sort | Danilo Figueiredo Soave |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Since 2000, written with elegance and accuracy, Hanahan and Weinberg have proposed six major hallmarks of cancer and, together, they provide great advances to the understanding of tumoral biology. Our knowledge about tumor behavior has improved and the investigators have now recognized that inflammatory microenvironment may be a new feature for the tumor entities. Macrophages are considered as an important component of tumoral microenvironment. Biologically, two forms of activated macrophages can be observed: classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternative activated macrophages (M2). Despite the canonical pathways that control this puzzle of macrophages polarization, recently, mTOR signaling pathway has been implicated as an important piece in determining the metabolic and functional differentiation of M1 and M2 profiles. Currently, it is believed that macrophages related to tumoral microenvironment present an “M2-like” feature promoting an immunosuppressive microenvironment enhancing tumoral angiogenesis, growth, and metastasis. In the present review we discuss the role of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment and the role of mTOR pathway in M1 and M2 differentiation. We also discuss the recent findings in M1 and M2 polarization as a possible target in the cancer therapy. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7b9437b45c5c401e9496e672a0e3c6d5 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0962-9351 1466-1861 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2016-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mediators of Inflammation |
| spelling | doaj-art-7b9437b45c5c401e9496e672a0e3c6d52025-02-03T01:12:34ZengWileyMediators of Inflammation0962-93511466-18612016-01-01201610.1155/2016/89105208910520The Fate of the Tumor in the Hands of Microenvironment: Role of TAMs and mTOR PathwayDanilo Figueiredo Soave0Marina Pacheco Miguel1Fernanda Dias Tomé2Liliana Borges de Menezes3Patrícia Resende Alo Nagib4Mara Rúbia Nunes Celes5Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, BrazilDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, Parasitology and Pathology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, BrazilDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, Parasitology and Pathology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, BrazilDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, Parasitology and Pathology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, BrazilDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, Parasitology and Pathology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, BrazilDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, Parasitology and Pathology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, BrazilSince 2000, written with elegance and accuracy, Hanahan and Weinberg have proposed six major hallmarks of cancer and, together, they provide great advances to the understanding of tumoral biology. Our knowledge about tumor behavior has improved and the investigators have now recognized that inflammatory microenvironment may be a new feature for the tumor entities. Macrophages are considered as an important component of tumoral microenvironment. Biologically, two forms of activated macrophages can be observed: classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternative activated macrophages (M2). Despite the canonical pathways that control this puzzle of macrophages polarization, recently, mTOR signaling pathway has been implicated as an important piece in determining the metabolic and functional differentiation of M1 and M2 profiles. Currently, it is believed that macrophages related to tumoral microenvironment present an “M2-like” feature promoting an immunosuppressive microenvironment enhancing tumoral angiogenesis, growth, and metastasis. In the present review we discuss the role of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment and the role of mTOR pathway in M1 and M2 differentiation. We also discuss the recent findings in M1 and M2 polarization as a possible target in the cancer therapy.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8910520 |
| spellingShingle | Danilo Figueiredo Soave Marina Pacheco Miguel Fernanda Dias Tomé Liliana Borges de Menezes Patrícia Resende Alo Nagib Mara Rúbia Nunes Celes The Fate of the Tumor in the Hands of Microenvironment: Role of TAMs and mTOR Pathway Mediators of Inflammation |
| title | The Fate of the Tumor in the Hands of Microenvironment: Role of TAMs and mTOR Pathway |
| title_full | The Fate of the Tumor in the Hands of Microenvironment: Role of TAMs and mTOR Pathway |
| title_fullStr | The Fate of the Tumor in the Hands of Microenvironment: Role of TAMs and mTOR Pathway |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Fate of the Tumor in the Hands of Microenvironment: Role of TAMs and mTOR Pathway |
| title_short | The Fate of the Tumor in the Hands of Microenvironment: Role of TAMs and mTOR Pathway |
| title_sort | fate of the tumor in the hands of microenvironment role of tams and mtor pathway |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8910520 |
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