CTSK and PLAU as Prognostic Biomarker and Related to Immune Infiltration in Pancreatic Cancer: Evidence from Bioinformatics Analysis and qPCR
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is a malignancy with the highest mortality rate worldwide. There is a pressing need for novel biomarkers that can facilitate early detection and serve as targets for therapeutic interventions beyond the commonly utilized CA199 marker. This study utilized microarray d...
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| Format: | Article |
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Wiley
2023-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Genomics |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/3914687 |
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| author | Yuntao Ding Zhangzuo Li Huizhi Wang Qi Wang Han Jiang Zhengyue Yu Min Xu |
| author_facet | Yuntao Ding Zhangzuo Li Huizhi Wang Qi Wang Han Jiang Zhengyue Yu Min Xu |
| author_sort | Yuntao Ding |
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| description | Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is a malignancy with the highest mortality rate worldwide. There is a pressing need for novel biomarkers that can facilitate early detection and serve as targets for therapeutic interventions beyond the commonly utilized CA199 marker. This study utilized microarray datasets (GSE15471, GSE62165, and GSE28735) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and construct a protein-protein interaction network using STRING and Cytoscape. Hub genes were selected using BiNGO. Expression profiles and clinical data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were then used to compare the expression levels of CTSK and PLAU in pancreatic cancer and healthy pancreatic tissues via the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, with further validation using qPCR. Functional enrichment analysis was conducted to explore potential signaling pathways and biological functions. Prognostic values were assessed by the Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses, and an overall survival (OS) nomogram was created to predict 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival after cancer diagnosis. The infiltration of immune cells was evaluated by single-sample gene set enrichment analysis. The methylation status of both genes was analyzed using the UALCAN and MethSurv databases. The results demonstrated that CTSK and PLAU were overexpressed in pancreatic cancer and that the hypomethylation status of both genes was associated with a poor prognosis. The overexpression of both genes was positively correlated with various immune cells, and functional enrichment analysis revealed that they were associated with immune cell infiltration. Besides, the effects of PLAU on the migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells were also verified by scratch and transwell experiments. Consequently, CTSK and PLAU have potential as prognostic biomarkers for pancreatic cancer. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7ac692eaca9c456ab36dc3b73da2f360 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2314-4378 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Genomics |
| spelling | doaj-art-7ac692eaca9c456ab36dc3b73da2f3602025-02-03T06:47:38ZengWileyInternational Journal of Genomics2314-43782023-01-01202310.1155/2023/3914687CTSK and PLAU as Prognostic Biomarker and Related to Immune Infiltration in Pancreatic Cancer: Evidence from Bioinformatics Analysis and qPCRYuntao Ding0Zhangzuo Li1Huizhi Wang2Qi Wang3Han Jiang4Zhengyue Yu5Min Xu6Department of GastroenterologyDepartment of Cell BiologyDepartment of GastroenterologyDepartment of GastroenterologyDepartment of GastroenterologyDepartment of GastroenterologyDepartment of GastroenterologyPancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is a malignancy with the highest mortality rate worldwide. There is a pressing need for novel biomarkers that can facilitate early detection and serve as targets for therapeutic interventions beyond the commonly utilized CA199 marker. This study utilized microarray datasets (GSE15471, GSE62165, and GSE28735) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and construct a protein-protein interaction network using STRING and Cytoscape. Hub genes were selected using BiNGO. Expression profiles and clinical data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were then used to compare the expression levels of CTSK and PLAU in pancreatic cancer and healthy pancreatic tissues via the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, with further validation using qPCR. Functional enrichment analysis was conducted to explore potential signaling pathways and biological functions. Prognostic values were assessed by the Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses, and an overall survival (OS) nomogram was created to predict 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival after cancer diagnosis. The infiltration of immune cells was evaluated by single-sample gene set enrichment analysis. The methylation status of both genes was analyzed using the UALCAN and MethSurv databases. The results demonstrated that CTSK and PLAU were overexpressed in pancreatic cancer and that the hypomethylation status of both genes was associated with a poor prognosis. The overexpression of both genes was positively correlated with various immune cells, and functional enrichment analysis revealed that they were associated with immune cell infiltration. Besides, the effects of PLAU on the migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells were also verified by scratch and transwell experiments. Consequently, CTSK and PLAU have potential as prognostic biomarkers for pancreatic cancer.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/3914687 |
| spellingShingle | Yuntao Ding Zhangzuo Li Huizhi Wang Qi Wang Han Jiang Zhengyue Yu Min Xu CTSK and PLAU as Prognostic Biomarker and Related to Immune Infiltration in Pancreatic Cancer: Evidence from Bioinformatics Analysis and qPCR International Journal of Genomics |
| title | CTSK and PLAU as Prognostic Biomarker and Related to Immune Infiltration in Pancreatic Cancer: Evidence from Bioinformatics Analysis and qPCR |
| title_full | CTSK and PLAU as Prognostic Biomarker and Related to Immune Infiltration in Pancreatic Cancer: Evidence from Bioinformatics Analysis and qPCR |
| title_fullStr | CTSK and PLAU as Prognostic Biomarker and Related to Immune Infiltration in Pancreatic Cancer: Evidence from Bioinformatics Analysis and qPCR |
| title_full_unstemmed | CTSK and PLAU as Prognostic Biomarker and Related to Immune Infiltration in Pancreatic Cancer: Evidence from Bioinformatics Analysis and qPCR |
| title_short | CTSK and PLAU as Prognostic Biomarker and Related to Immune Infiltration in Pancreatic Cancer: Evidence from Bioinformatics Analysis and qPCR |
| title_sort | ctsk and plau as prognostic biomarker and related to immune infiltration in pancreatic cancer evidence from bioinformatics analysis and qpcr |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/3914687 |
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