Urban and rural residence: their influence on food group consumption in Iran
Abstract Background Urbanization is expanding in Iran, leading to the emergence of three distinct socio-geographical areas: urban, rural, and suburban areas. These different areas may exhibit significant variations in dietary patterns. This study investigates the association between people’s place o...
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2025-01-01
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| Series: | BMC Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-21211-3 |
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| author | Susan Darroudi Sara Saffar Soflaei Farzam Kamrani Zahra Khorasanchi Zahra Abdollahi Nasrin Talkhi Maryam Allahyari Seyyed Reza Sobhani Maryam Mohammadi-Bajgiran Amirmohammad Naderkhmseh Maliheh Aghasizadeh Habibollah Esmaily Gordon Ferns Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan |
| author_facet | Susan Darroudi Sara Saffar Soflaei Farzam Kamrani Zahra Khorasanchi Zahra Abdollahi Nasrin Talkhi Maryam Allahyari Seyyed Reza Sobhani Maryam Mohammadi-Bajgiran Amirmohammad Naderkhmseh Maliheh Aghasizadeh Habibollah Esmaily Gordon Ferns Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan |
| author_sort | Susan Darroudi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Urbanization is expanding in Iran, leading to the emergence of three distinct socio-geographical areas: urban, rural, and suburban areas. These different areas may exhibit significant variations in dietary patterns. This study investigates the association between people’s place of residence and their consumption of different food groups. Methods This study utilized data from Iran’s Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (FNS). A total of 1697 participants were randomly recruited from different rural (N = 568), urban (N = 568), and suburban (N = 561) regions across Iran. Their food intake was assessed using a validated dish-based semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (DB-FFQ). Results Rural males consumed significantly more grains (35.51 g/day, p = 0.03) than urban males, while rural females consumed significantly less dairy (-30.07 g/day, p = 0.03) than urban females. Additionally, rural males and females consumed significantly more fats and oils (3.72 g/day, p = 0.01 for males and 5.2 g/day, p < 0.001 for females) than their urban counterparts. Moreover, both suburban females and males were found to consume significantly less fruit compared to urban individuals, with suburban females consuming − 47.41 g/day (p < 0.001) less fruit and suburban males consuming − 60.42 g/day (p = 0.001) less fruit. Conclusion Findings showed that rural men’s diets are characterized by higher consumption of grains and fats, while urbanization is linked to increased dairy consumption in women. Additionally, the study highlights a worrying lack of fruit consumption in suburban areas. These findings underscore the necessity of implementing specific nutritional policies to promote dietary diversity in various residential areas. Graphical Abstract |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7a8052917d32415dbe1a8e6f64d2ac46 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1471-2458 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | BMC Public Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-7a8052917d32415dbe1a8e6f64d2ac462025-01-19T12:41:50ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582025-01-012511810.1186/s12889-024-21211-3Urban and rural residence: their influence on food group consumption in IranSusan Darroudi0Sara Saffar Soflaei1Farzam Kamrani2Zahra Khorasanchi3Zahra Abdollahi4Nasrin Talkhi5Maryam Allahyari6Seyyed Reza Sobhani7Maryam Mohammadi-Bajgiran8Amirmohammad Naderkhmseh9Maliheh Aghasizadeh10Habibollah Esmaily11Gordon Ferns12Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan13Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesMetabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesOffice of Nutrition Department Society, Health MinistryDepartment of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesInternational UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Food Engineering, Faculty of EngineeringMetabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesBrighton and Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical EducationMetabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical SciencesAbstract Background Urbanization is expanding in Iran, leading to the emergence of three distinct socio-geographical areas: urban, rural, and suburban areas. These different areas may exhibit significant variations in dietary patterns. This study investigates the association between people’s place of residence and their consumption of different food groups. Methods This study utilized data from Iran’s Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (FNS). A total of 1697 participants were randomly recruited from different rural (N = 568), urban (N = 568), and suburban (N = 561) regions across Iran. Their food intake was assessed using a validated dish-based semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (DB-FFQ). Results Rural males consumed significantly more grains (35.51 g/day, p = 0.03) than urban males, while rural females consumed significantly less dairy (-30.07 g/day, p = 0.03) than urban females. Additionally, rural males and females consumed significantly more fats and oils (3.72 g/day, p = 0.01 for males and 5.2 g/day, p < 0.001 for females) than their urban counterparts. Moreover, both suburban females and males were found to consume significantly less fruit compared to urban individuals, with suburban females consuming − 47.41 g/day (p < 0.001) less fruit and suburban males consuming − 60.42 g/day (p = 0.001) less fruit. Conclusion Findings showed that rural men’s diets are characterized by higher consumption of grains and fats, while urbanization is linked to increased dairy consumption in women. Additionally, the study highlights a worrying lack of fruit consumption in suburban areas. These findings underscore the necessity of implementing specific nutritional policies to promote dietary diversity in various residential areas. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-21211-3Dietary patternFood groupRuralUrbanUrbanization |
| spellingShingle | Susan Darroudi Sara Saffar Soflaei Farzam Kamrani Zahra Khorasanchi Zahra Abdollahi Nasrin Talkhi Maryam Allahyari Seyyed Reza Sobhani Maryam Mohammadi-Bajgiran Amirmohammad Naderkhmseh Maliheh Aghasizadeh Habibollah Esmaily Gordon Ferns Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan Urban and rural residence: their influence on food group consumption in Iran BMC Public Health Dietary pattern Food group Rural Urban Urbanization |
| title | Urban and rural residence: their influence on food group consumption in Iran |
| title_full | Urban and rural residence: their influence on food group consumption in Iran |
| title_fullStr | Urban and rural residence: their influence on food group consumption in Iran |
| title_full_unstemmed | Urban and rural residence: their influence on food group consumption in Iran |
| title_short | Urban and rural residence: their influence on food group consumption in Iran |
| title_sort | urban and rural residence their influence on food group consumption in iran |
| topic | Dietary pattern Food group Rural Urban Urbanization |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-21211-3 |
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