Therapeutic Strategies for Neuropathic Pain: Potential Application of Pharmacosynthetics and Optogenetics
Chronic pain originating from neuronal damage remains an incurable symptom debilitating patients. Proposed molecular modalities in neuropathic pain include ion channel expressions, immune reactions, and inflammatory substrate diffusions. Recent advances in RNA sequence analysis have discovered speci...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2016-01-01
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| Series: | Mediators of Inflammation |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5808215 |
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| _version_ | 1832555997766352896 |
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| author | Gum Hwa Lee Sang Seong Kim |
| author_facet | Gum Hwa Lee Sang Seong Kim |
| author_sort | Gum Hwa Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chronic pain originating from neuronal damage remains an incurable symptom debilitating patients. Proposed molecular modalities in neuropathic pain include ion channel expressions, immune reactions, and inflammatory substrate diffusions. Recent advances in RNA sequence analysis have discovered specific ion channel expressions in nociceptors such as transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, voltage-gated potassium, and sodium channels. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) also play an important role in triggering surrounding immune cells. The multiple protein expressions complicate therapeutic development for neuropathic pain. Recent progress in optogenetics and pharmacogenetics may herald the development of novel therapeutics for the incurable pain. Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) facilitate the artificial manipulation of intracellular signaling through excitatory or inhibitory G protein subunits activated by biologically inert synthetic ligands. Expression of excitatory channelrhodopsins and inhibitory halorhodopsins on injured neurons or surrounding cells can attenuate neuropathic pain precisely controlled by light stimulation. To achieve the discrete treatment of injured neurons, we can exploit the transcriptome database obtained by RNA sequence analysis in specific neuropathies. This can recommend the suitable promoter information to target the injury sites circumventing intact neurons. Therefore, novel strategies benefiting from pharmacogenetics, optogenetics, and RNA sequencing might be promising for neuropathic pain treatment in future. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-79fd6c393235492fa0fececf408a1cdc |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0962-9351 1466-1861 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2016-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mediators of Inflammation |
| spelling | doaj-art-79fd6c393235492fa0fececf408a1cdc2025-02-03T05:46:36ZengWileyMediators of Inflammation0962-93511466-18612016-01-01201610.1155/2016/58082155808215Therapeutic Strategies for Neuropathic Pain: Potential Application of Pharmacosynthetics and OptogeneticsGum Hwa Lee0Sang Seong Kim1College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, ERICA Campus, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sannok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 426-791, Republic of KoreaChronic pain originating from neuronal damage remains an incurable symptom debilitating patients. Proposed molecular modalities in neuropathic pain include ion channel expressions, immune reactions, and inflammatory substrate diffusions. Recent advances in RNA sequence analysis have discovered specific ion channel expressions in nociceptors such as transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, voltage-gated potassium, and sodium channels. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) also play an important role in triggering surrounding immune cells. The multiple protein expressions complicate therapeutic development for neuropathic pain. Recent progress in optogenetics and pharmacogenetics may herald the development of novel therapeutics for the incurable pain. Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs) facilitate the artificial manipulation of intracellular signaling through excitatory or inhibitory G protein subunits activated by biologically inert synthetic ligands. Expression of excitatory channelrhodopsins and inhibitory halorhodopsins on injured neurons or surrounding cells can attenuate neuropathic pain precisely controlled by light stimulation. To achieve the discrete treatment of injured neurons, we can exploit the transcriptome database obtained by RNA sequence analysis in specific neuropathies. This can recommend the suitable promoter information to target the injury sites circumventing intact neurons. Therefore, novel strategies benefiting from pharmacogenetics, optogenetics, and RNA sequencing might be promising for neuropathic pain treatment in future.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5808215 |
| spellingShingle | Gum Hwa Lee Sang Seong Kim Therapeutic Strategies for Neuropathic Pain: Potential Application of Pharmacosynthetics and Optogenetics Mediators of Inflammation |
| title | Therapeutic Strategies for Neuropathic Pain: Potential Application of Pharmacosynthetics and Optogenetics |
| title_full | Therapeutic Strategies for Neuropathic Pain: Potential Application of Pharmacosynthetics and Optogenetics |
| title_fullStr | Therapeutic Strategies for Neuropathic Pain: Potential Application of Pharmacosynthetics and Optogenetics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Therapeutic Strategies for Neuropathic Pain: Potential Application of Pharmacosynthetics and Optogenetics |
| title_short | Therapeutic Strategies for Neuropathic Pain: Potential Application of Pharmacosynthetics and Optogenetics |
| title_sort | therapeutic strategies for neuropathic pain potential application of pharmacosynthetics and optogenetics |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5808215 |
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