Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2) and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) among Women with Macerated Stillbirth: A Cross-Sectional Hospital-Based Study from Mwanza, Tanzania
Background. Stillbirth adversely affects pregnancy outcomes in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Viral infections have been implicated as one of the causes of stillbirths. Despite high rates of stillbirths and high viral prevalence in LMICs, there is limited information regarding their assoc...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Pregnancy |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2156835 |
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| author | Helmut A. Nyawale Elieza Chibwe Fridolin Mujuni Lidya Maiga Albert Silvin Alda Ester Chongo Bertrand Msemwa Vitus Silago Mtebe Majigo Doreen Kamori Stephen E. Mshana Mariam M. Mirambo |
| author_facet | Helmut A. Nyawale Elieza Chibwe Fridolin Mujuni Lidya Maiga Albert Silvin Alda Ester Chongo Bertrand Msemwa Vitus Silago Mtebe Majigo Doreen Kamori Stephen E. Mshana Mariam M. Mirambo |
| author_sort | Helmut A. Nyawale |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background. Stillbirth adversely affects pregnancy outcomes in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Viral infections have been implicated as one of the causes of stillbirths. Despite high rates of stillbirths and high viral prevalence in LMICs, there is limited information regarding their association. This study investigated the magnitude of herpes simplex 2 virus (HSV-2) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) among women with macerated stillbirth. Methods. A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted involving 279 women with macerated stillbirth between July and August 2018 at different health facilities in Mwanza, Tanzania. Detection of HSV-2 was done by immunochromatographic test while that of HCMV was done using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Descriptive data analysis was done using STATA version 13. Results. A total of 28 (10.04%, 95% CI: 6.8-13.9) tested positive for HSV-2 IgG antibodies with only 4 (1.43%, 95% CL: 0.3-2.8) testing positive for HSV-2 IgM antibodies. HCMV IgG antibodies were detected in 131 (77.98%, 95% CI: 71-84) of 168 women tested. By multivariate logistic regulation analysis, advanced age (OR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.87-0.99, p=0.025) was significantly associated with negative HSV-2 IgG antibodies. By log multinomial regression analysis, only urban residence (RRR.4.43: 95% CI 1.53-12.80, p=0.006) independently predicted HCMV IgG seropositivity among women with stillbirth. Twenty-one (30.9%) of women with positive HCMV IgG antibodies had low avidity index (<40%) indicating recent infection. Conclusion. Significant proportion of women with macerated stillbirth residing in urban and with low age have HCMV and HSV antibodies, respectively. This calls for the need to consider introducing screening of these infections in the Tanzanian antenatal package and further studies to explore the role of these viruses in causing stillbirth in Tanzania. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-798d2d0a1d7444e7a900b7e9c48e0f06 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-2735 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Pregnancy |
| spelling | doaj-art-798d2d0a1d7444e7a900b7e9c48e0f062025-02-03T05:49:20ZengWileyJournal of Pregnancy2090-27352022-01-01202210.1155/2022/2156835Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2) and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) among Women with Macerated Stillbirth: A Cross-Sectional Hospital-Based Study from Mwanza, TanzaniaHelmut A. Nyawale0Elieza Chibwe1Fridolin Mujuni2Lidya Maiga3Albert Silvin4Alda Ester Chongo5Bertrand Msemwa6Vitus Silago7Mtebe Majigo8Doreen Kamori9Stephen E. Mshana10Mariam M. Mirambo11Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyDepartment of Microbiology and ImmunologyDepartment of Microbiology and ImmunologyDepartment of Biological SciencesInstitute of Allied Health SciencesDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyDepartment of Microbiology and ImmunologyDepartment of Microbiology and ImmunologyDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyDepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyBackground. Stillbirth adversely affects pregnancy outcomes in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Viral infections have been implicated as one of the causes of stillbirths. Despite high rates of stillbirths and high viral prevalence in LMICs, there is limited information regarding their association. This study investigated the magnitude of herpes simplex 2 virus (HSV-2) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) among women with macerated stillbirth. Methods. A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted involving 279 women with macerated stillbirth between July and August 2018 at different health facilities in Mwanza, Tanzania. Detection of HSV-2 was done by immunochromatographic test while that of HCMV was done using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Descriptive data analysis was done using STATA version 13. Results. A total of 28 (10.04%, 95% CI: 6.8-13.9) tested positive for HSV-2 IgG antibodies with only 4 (1.43%, 95% CL: 0.3-2.8) testing positive for HSV-2 IgM antibodies. HCMV IgG antibodies were detected in 131 (77.98%, 95% CI: 71-84) of 168 women tested. By multivariate logistic regulation analysis, advanced age (OR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.87-0.99, p=0.025) was significantly associated with negative HSV-2 IgG antibodies. By log multinomial regression analysis, only urban residence (RRR.4.43: 95% CI 1.53-12.80, p=0.006) independently predicted HCMV IgG seropositivity among women with stillbirth. Twenty-one (30.9%) of women with positive HCMV IgG antibodies had low avidity index (<40%) indicating recent infection. Conclusion. Significant proportion of women with macerated stillbirth residing in urban and with low age have HCMV and HSV antibodies, respectively. This calls for the need to consider introducing screening of these infections in the Tanzanian antenatal package and further studies to explore the role of these viruses in causing stillbirth in Tanzania.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2156835 |
| spellingShingle | Helmut A. Nyawale Elieza Chibwe Fridolin Mujuni Lidya Maiga Albert Silvin Alda Ester Chongo Bertrand Msemwa Vitus Silago Mtebe Majigo Doreen Kamori Stephen E. Mshana Mariam M. Mirambo Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2) and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) among Women with Macerated Stillbirth: A Cross-Sectional Hospital-Based Study from Mwanza, Tanzania Journal of Pregnancy |
| title | Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2) and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) among Women with Macerated Stillbirth: A Cross-Sectional Hospital-Based Study from Mwanza, Tanzania |
| title_full | Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2) and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) among Women with Macerated Stillbirth: A Cross-Sectional Hospital-Based Study from Mwanza, Tanzania |
| title_fullStr | Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2) and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) among Women with Macerated Stillbirth: A Cross-Sectional Hospital-Based Study from Mwanza, Tanzania |
| title_full_unstemmed | Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2) and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) among Women with Macerated Stillbirth: A Cross-Sectional Hospital-Based Study from Mwanza, Tanzania |
| title_short | Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2) and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) among Women with Macerated Stillbirth: A Cross-Sectional Hospital-Based Study from Mwanza, Tanzania |
| title_sort | herpes simplex virus type 2 hsv 2 and cytomegalovirus cmv among women with macerated stillbirth a cross sectional hospital based study from mwanza tanzania |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2156835 |
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