An Evaluation of the Antibacterial Properties of Tormentic Acid Congener and Extracts From Callistemon viminalis on Selected ESKAPE Pathogens and Effects on Biofilm Formation
ESKAPE pathogens, namely, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species, are responsible for a majority of all healthcare-acquired infections (HAI). The bacteria cause nosocomial infections in immunocompr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8848606 |
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| author | Tafadzwa Chipenzi Genuine Baloyi Tatenda Mudondo Simbarashe Sithole Godloves Fru Chi Stanley Mukanganyama |
| author_facet | Tafadzwa Chipenzi Genuine Baloyi Tatenda Mudondo Simbarashe Sithole Godloves Fru Chi Stanley Mukanganyama |
| author_sort | Tafadzwa Chipenzi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ESKAPE pathogens, namely, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species, are responsible for a majority of all healthcare-acquired infections (HAI). The bacteria cause nosocomial infections in immunocompromised patients. Extracts from Callistemon viminalis have been shown to have antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory activities. Tormentic acid congener, a pentacyclic triterpene saponin, was isolated from C. viminalis leaves. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial effects of tormentic acid congener and leaf extracts on biofilm formation by A. baumannii, S. aureus, S. pyogenes, and P. aeruginosa. The antibacterial effects were determined by the microbroth dilution method, and ciprofloxacin was used as the standard antibacterial drug. Biofilm formation and detachment assays were performed using crystal violet staining. Production of extracellular polymeric DNA and polysaccharides from biofilms was also determined. Tormentic acid congener showed time-dependent antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa with a MIC of 100 µg/ml and caused significant protein leakage. Antibacterial activity was found when tormentic acid congener was tested against both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. The MICs were found to be 25 µg/ml and 12.5 µg/ml for P. aeruginosa and S. aureus cells, respectively. S. pyogenes was found to be susceptible to tormentic acid congener and the hydroethanolic extract with an MIC of 100 µg/ml and 25 µg/ml, respectively. A. baumannii was found not to be susceptible to the compound or the extracts. The compound and the extracts caused a significant decrease in the biofilm extracellular polysaccharide content of S. pyogenes. The extracts and tormentic acid congener caused detachment of biofilms and decreased the release of extracellular DNA and capsular polysaccharides from biofilms of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Tormentic acid congener and extracts, thus, have significant antibacterial and antibiofilm activities on these selected ESKAPE bacteria and can act as source lead compounds for the development of antibacterial triterpenoids. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-78de26e432eb42429cc103bacb42bdcc |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2633-4690 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-78de26e432eb42429cc103bacb42bdcc2025-02-03T01:03:57ZengWileyAdvances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences2633-46902020-01-01202010.1155/2020/88486068848606An Evaluation of the Antibacterial Properties of Tormentic Acid Congener and Extracts From Callistemon viminalis on Selected ESKAPE Pathogens and Effects on Biofilm FormationTafadzwa Chipenzi0Genuine Baloyi1Tatenda Mudondo2Simbarashe Sithole3Godloves Fru Chi4Stanley Mukanganyama5School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, ZimbabweSchool of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, ZimbabweSchool of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, ZimbabweDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Zimbabwe, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, ZimbabweUniversity of YAOUNDE 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, CameroonDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Zimbabwe, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, ZimbabweESKAPE pathogens, namely, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species, are responsible for a majority of all healthcare-acquired infections (HAI). The bacteria cause nosocomial infections in immunocompromised patients. Extracts from Callistemon viminalis have been shown to have antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory activities. Tormentic acid congener, a pentacyclic triterpene saponin, was isolated from C. viminalis leaves. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial effects of tormentic acid congener and leaf extracts on biofilm formation by A. baumannii, S. aureus, S. pyogenes, and P. aeruginosa. The antibacterial effects were determined by the microbroth dilution method, and ciprofloxacin was used as the standard antibacterial drug. Biofilm formation and detachment assays were performed using crystal violet staining. Production of extracellular polymeric DNA and polysaccharides from biofilms was also determined. Tormentic acid congener showed time-dependent antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa with a MIC of 100 µg/ml and caused significant protein leakage. Antibacterial activity was found when tormentic acid congener was tested against both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. The MICs were found to be 25 µg/ml and 12.5 µg/ml for P. aeruginosa and S. aureus cells, respectively. S. pyogenes was found to be susceptible to tormentic acid congener and the hydroethanolic extract with an MIC of 100 µg/ml and 25 µg/ml, respectively. A. baumannii was found not to be susceptible to the compound or the extracts. The compound and the extracts caused a significant decrease in the biofilm extracellular polysaccharide content of S. pyogenes. The extracts and tormentic acid congener caused detachment of biofilms and decreased the release of extracellular DNA and capsular polysaccharides from biofilms of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Tormentic acid congener and extracts, thus, have significant antibacterial and antibiofilm activities on these selected ESKAPE bacteria and can act as source lead compounds for the development of antibacterial triterpenoids.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8848606 |
| spellingShingle | Tafadzwa Chipenzi Genuine Baloyi Tatenda Mudondo Simbarashe Sithole Godloves Fru Chi Stanley Mukanganyama An Evaluation of the Antibacterial Properties of Tormentic Acid Congener and Extracts From Callistemon viminalis on Selected ESKAPE Pathogens and Effects on Biofilm Formation Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences |
| title | An Evaluation of the Antibacterial Properties of Tormentic Acid Congener and Extracts From Callistemon viminalis on Selected ESKAPE Pathogens and Effects on Biofilm Formation |
| title_full | An Evaluation of the Antibacterial Properties of Tormentic Acid Congener and Extracts From Callistemon viminalis on Selected ESKAPE Pathogens and Effects on Biofilm Formation |
| title_fullStr | An Evaluation of the Antibacterial Properties of Tormentic Acid Congener and Extracts From Callistemon viminalis on Selected ESKAPE Pathogens and Effects on Biofilm Formation |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Evaluation of the Antibacterial Properties of Tormentic Acid Congener and Extracts From Callistemon viminalis on Selected ESKAPE Pathogens and Effects on Biofilm Formation |
| title_short | An Evaluation of the Antibacterial Properties of Tormentic Acid Congener and Extracts From Callistemon viminalis on Selected ESKAPE Pathogens and Effects on Biofilm Formation |
| title_sort | evaluation of the antibacterial properties of tormentic acid congener and extracts from callistemon viminalis on selected eskape pathogens and effects on biofilm formation |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8848606 |
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