Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Trichoderma Isolates from Vegetable Crop Rhizospheres in Nepal [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations]
Background Trichoderma spp. hold significant potential as biocontrol agents in agriculture due to their antagonistic properties against plant pathogens. The study aimed to characterize and identify Trichoderma isolates from rhizospheric regions of vegetable crops. Methods In this study, Trichoderma...
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F1000 Research Ltd
2025-01-01
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| author | Arvind Kumar Keshari Suraj Baidya Aashaq Hussain Bhat Ram B. Khadka Puja Jaiswal |
| author_facet | Arvind Kumar Keshari Suraj Baidya Aashaq Hussain Bhat Ram B. Khadka Puja Jaiswal |
| author_sort | Arvind Kumar Keshari |
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| description | Background Trichoderma spp. hold significant potential as biocontrol agents in agriculture due to their antagonistic properties against plant pathogens. The study aimed to characterize and identify Trichoderma isolates from rhizospheric regions of vegetable crops. Methods In this study, Trichoderma isolates were collected from rhizospheric soil samples of vegetable crops from different ecological zones and were selected for comprehensive morphological and molecular characterization. The isolates were visually assessed for colony color, growth pattern, aerial mycelium presence, phialide and conidial morphology, and chlamydospore presence. Molecular analysis was employed based on ITS and tef-1α sequences. Diversity indices were also computed for different ecological zones. Results The morphological characteristics and phylogenetic trees for both regions provided a clear species resolution, with four main clades: Harzianum, Viride, Brevicompactum and Longibrachiatum with 12 species T. harzinaum, T. afroharzianum, T. lentiforme, T. inhamatum, T. camerunense, T. azevedoi, T. atroviride, T. asperellum, T. asperelloides, T. koningii, T. longibrachiatum and T. brevicompactum and nine species as a new country record. Diversity indices indicated that high mountain regions displayed the highest species diversity and evenness (H = 1.724 [0.28], J = 0.84, D = 0.28), followed by hilly regions (H = 1.563 [0.28], J = 0.72, D = 0.28). Plains, on the other hand, exhibited lower species diversity (H = 1.515, J = 0.66, D = 0.33). The calculated species abundance values showed that plains (E = 2.11), mid-hills (E = 1.95), and high mountains (E = 1.99) each had their unique diversity profiles. Notably, T. afroharzianum and T. asperellum were predominant. Conclusions Overall, the study unveiled a rich diversity of Trichoderma species in different agricultural zones of Nepal. These findings shed light on the ecological distribution and diversity of Trichoderma spp., which could have significant implications for sustainable agriculture and biological control strategies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-77f6015ab53b43bea60749152d3ba04c |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
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| spelling | doaj-art-77f6015ab53b43bea60749152d3ba04c2025-01-28T01:00:01ZengF1000 Research LtdF1000Research2046-14022025-01-0113176431Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Trichoderma Isolates from Vegetable Crop Rhizospheres in Nepal [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations]Arvind Kumar Keshari0Suraj Baidya1Aashaq Hussain Bhat2Ram B. Khadka3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1810-7493Puja Jaiswal4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-1038Department of Zoology, Patan Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Lalitpur, Bagmati, 0097, NepalNational Plant Pathology Research Centre, Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Lalitpur, Bagmati, 5459, NepalDepartment of Bioscience, Chandigarh University, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab, IndiaNational Plant Pathology Research Centre, Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Lalitpur, Bagmati, 5459, NepalCentral Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Bagmati, 0097, NepalBackground Trichoderma spp. hold significant potential as biocontrol agents in agriculture due to their antagonistic properties against plant pathogens. The study aimed to characterize and identify Trichoderma isolates from rhizospheric regions of vegetable crops. Methods In this study, Trichoderma isolates were collected from rhizospheric soil samples of vegetable crops from different ecological zones and were selected for comprehensive morphological and molecular characterization. The isolates were visually assessed for colony color, growth pattern, aerial mycelium presence, phialide and conidial morphology, and chlamydospore presence. Molecular analysis was employed based on ITS and tef-1α sequences. Diversity indices were also computed for different ecological zones. Results The morphological characteristics and phylogenetic trees for both regions provided a clear species resolution, with four main clades: Harzianum, Viride, Brevicompactum and Longibrachiatum with 12 species T. harzinaum, T. afroharzianum, T. lentiforme, T. inhamatum, T. camerunense, T. azevedoi, T. atroviride, T. asperellum, T. asperelloides, T. koningii, T. longibrachiatum and T. brevicompactum and nine species as a new country record. Diversity indices indicated that high mountain regions displayed the highest species diversity and evenness (H = 1.724 [0.28], J = 0.84, D = 0.28), followed by hilly regions (H = 1.563 [0.28], J = 0.72, D = 0.28). Plains, on the other hand, exhibited lower species diversity (H = 1.515, J = 0.66, D = 0.33). The calculated species abundance values showed that plains (E = 2.11), mid-hills (E = 1.95), and high mountains (E = 1.99) each had their unique diversity profiles. Notably, T. afroharzianum and T. asperellum were predominant. Conclusions Overall, the study unveiled a rich diversity of Trichoderma species in different agricultural zones of Nepal. These findings shed light on the ecological distribution and diversity of Trichoderma spp., which could have significant implications for sustainable agriculture and biological control strategies.https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1088/v2Biocontrol agent; phylogenetic analysis; Rhizospheric region; Species diversity; Nepaleng |
| spellingShingle | Arvind Kumar Keshari Suraj Baidya Aashaq Hussain Bhat Ram B. Khadka Puja Jaiswal Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Trichoderma Isolates from Vegetable Crop Rhizospheres in Nepal [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] F1000Research Biocontrol agent; phylogenetic analysis; Rhizospheric region; Species diversity; Nepal eng |
| title | Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Trichoderma Isolates from Vegetable Crop Rhizospheres in Nepal [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] |
| title_full | Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Trichoderma Isolates from Vegetable Crop Rhizospheres in Nepal [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] |
| title_fullStr | Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Trichoderma Isolates from Vegetable Crop Rhizospheres in Nepal [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] |
| title_full_unstemmed | Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Trichoderma Isolates from Vegetable Crop Rhizospheres in Nepal [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] |
| title_short | Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Trichoderma Isolates from Vegetable Crop Rhizospheres in Nepal [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations] |
| title_sort | morphological and molecular characterization of trichoderma isolates from vegetable crop rhizospheres in nepal version 2 peer review 1 approved 2 approved with reservations |
| topic | Biocontrol agent; phylogenetic analysis; Rhizospheric region; Species diversity; Nepal eng |
| url | https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1088/v2 |
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