Spectroscopic Analysis for Harnessing the Quality and Potential of Gemstones for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs)
Introduction of modern technologies and methods and quality analysis for the gemstone industry are the main strategic initiatives of the Small and Medium Development Authority (SMEDA) of Pakistan. In this regard, four natural gemstones Quartz, Pyrope-Almandine Garnet, Black tourmaline, and Amethyst...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Spectroscopy |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6629640 |
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| author | Imtiaz Ahmad Suhail H. Serbaya Ali Rizwan Malik Sajjad Mehmood |
| author_facet | Imtiaz Ahmad Suhail H. Serbaya Ali Rizwan Malik Sajjad Mehmood |
| author_sort | Imtiaz Ahmad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction of modern technologies and methods and quality analysis for the gemstone industry are the main strategic initiatives of the Small and Medium Development Authority (SMEDA) of Pakistan. In this regard, four natural gemstones Quartz, Pyrope-Almandine Garnet, Black tourmaline, and Amethyst brought from Hunza valley Pakistan were analyzed by state-of-the-art spectroscopic techniques including EDX, UV-VIS, and FTIR spectroscopy. EDX revealed the traces of Fe, Mg, and Ca in Pyrope-Almandine garnet, Mg and Fe in Black tourmaline, Au and Ca in Amethyst. UV-VIS data revealed the values of Urbach energies 520, 210, 460, and 430 meV, and the values of direct bandgap energies 5.14, 6.12, 5.54, 5.74 eV, respectively. The higher structural disorder due to the presence of Fe and other impurities in stones except Quartz was attributed to the higher values of Urbach energies and decrease in band gaps: FTIR data Fe-O and Si-O stretching vibration in Pyrope-Almandine garnet, Si-O bending vibrations and O-H stretching vibration in Quartz, Si-O-Si bending and stretching vibrations and C=O stretching vibrations in Black tourmaline, Ca-O stretching vibrations and Si-OH weak-vibrations in Amethyst. Photoluminescence results also showed useful information in investigating the properties of gemstones. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-775df38dc37f400c91e0df544f3cf9cc |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2314-4920 2314-4939 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Spectroscopy |
| spelling | doaj-art-775df38dc37f400c91e0df544f3cf9cc2025-02-03T01:00:47ZengWileyJournal of Spectroscopy2314-49202314-49392021-01-01202110.1155/2021/66296406629640Spectroscopic Analysis for Harnessing the Quality and Potential of Gemstones for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs)Imtiaz Ahmad0Suhail H. Serbaya1Ali Rizwan2Malik Sajjad Mehmood3Department of Basic Sciences, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, PakistanDepartment of Industrial Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Industrial Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Basic Sciences, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, PakistanIntroduction of modern technologies and methods and quality analysis for the gemstone industry are the main strategic initiatives of the Small and Medium Development Authority (SMEDA) of Pakistan. In this regard, four natural gemstones Quartz, Pyrope-Almandine Garnet, Black tourmaline, and Amethyst brought from Hunza valley Pakistan were analyzed by state-of-the-art spectroscopic techniques including EDX, UV-VIS, and FTIR spectroscopy. EDX revealed the traces of Fe, Mg, and Ca in Pyrope-Almandine garnet, Mg and Fe in Black tourmaline, Au and Ca in Amethyst. UV-VIS data revealed the values of Urbach energies 520, 210, 460, and 430 meV, and the values of direct bandgap energies 5.14, 6.12, 5.54, 5.74 eV, respectively. The higher structural disorder due to the presence of Fe and other impurities in stones except Quartz was attributed to the higher values of Urbach energies and decrease in band gaps: FTIR data Fe-O and Si-O stretching vibration in Pyrope-Almandine garnet, Si-O bending vibrations and O-H stretching vibration in Quartz, Si-O-Si bending and stretching vibrations and C=O stretching vibrations in Black tourmaline, Ca-O stretching vibrations and Si-OH weak-vibrations in Amethyst. Photoluminescence results also showed useful information in investigating the properties of gemstones.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6629640 |
| spellingShingle | Imtiaz Ahmad Suhail H. Serbaya Ali Rizwan Malik Sajjad Mehmood Spectroscopic Analysis for Harnessing the Quality and Potential of Gemstones for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) Journal of Spectroscopy |
| title | Spectroscopic Analysis for Harnessing the Quality and Potential of Gemstones for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) |
| title_full | Spectroscopic Analysis for Harnessing the Quality and Potential of Gemstones for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) |
| title_fullStr | Spectroscopic Analysis for Harnessing the Quality and Potential of Gemstones for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spectroscopic Analysis for Harnessing the Quality and Potential of Gemstones for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) |
| title_short | Spectroscopic Analysis for Harnessing the Quality and Potential of Gemstones for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) |
| title_sort | spectroscopic analysis for harnessing the quality and potential of gemstones for small and medium sized enterprises smes |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6629640 |
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