Multi-Element Exposure and Health Risks of Grains from Ambagarh Chowki, Chhattisgarh, India
Rice, wheat, and maize grains are staple foods, widely consumed for their mineral and nutritional values. However, they can accumulate toxic elements from contaminated soils, posing health risks. This study investigates the bioaccumulation patterns of 52 elements (including nutrients, heavy metals,...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| author | Bhagyashri Wakhle Saroj Sharma Khageshwar Singh Patel Piyush Kant Pandey Antonela Blažević Željka Fiket Sema Yurdakul Simge Varol Pablo Martín-Ramos Hanan M. Al-Yousef Ramzi A. Mothana |
| author_facet | Bhagyashri Wakhle Saroj Sharma Khageshwar Singh Patel Piyush Kant Pandey Antonela Blažević Željka Fiket Sema Yurdakul Simge Varol Pablo Martín-Ramos Hanan M. Al-Yousef Ramzi A. Mothana |
| author_sort | Bhagyashri Wakhle |
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| description | Rice, wheat, and maize grains are staple foods, widely consumed for their mineral and nutritional values. However, they can accumulate toxic elements from contaminated soils, posing health risks. This study investigates the bioaccumulation patterns of 52 elements (including nutrients, heavy metals, and rare earth elements) in various parts (grain, husk, straw, and root) of cereals grown in a heavily polluted region. The results revealed that rice grains exhibited a higher accumulation (Σ33.4 mg/kg) of toxic elements (As, Cu, Cr, Ni, and Pb) than wheat (Σ26.6 mg/kg) and maize (Σ16.2 mg/kg) grains, with the high-yield RI64 cultivar (Σ47.0 mg/kg) being the most susceptible. Across the rice plant, accumulation increased in the order of grain < husk < straw < root. Elements like P, K, Cu, and Zn showed the highest enrichment. Worryingly, the most toxic elements, such as As, Pb, and Cd, exceeded permissible limits across grains, straws, and husks. Health risk assessment indicated that wheat and maize pose greater non-cancer and cancer risks than rice. Despite being grown in a highly contaminated region, the study identifies some rice cultivars like <i>Luchai</i> and <i>Sarna</i> as relatively safer options due to a lower accumulation of toxic elements. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj-art-7755ee1ec20946b6aaeb1095146e6be22025-01-24T13:51:05ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042025-01-011315610.3390/toxics13010056Multi-Element Exposure and Health Risks of Grains from Ambagarh Chowki, Chhattisgarh, IndiaBhagyashri Wakhle0Saroj Sharma1Khageshwar Singh Patel2Piyush Kant Pandey3Antonela Blažević4Željka Fiket5Sema Yurdakul6Simge Varol7Pablo Martín-Ramos8Hanan M. Al-Yousef9Ramzi A. Mothana10Department of Chemistry, Government Nagarjuna Post Graduate College of Science, G. E. Road, Raipur CG 492010, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, Government Nagarjuna Post Graduate College of Science, G. E. Road, Raipur CG 492010, IndiaDepartment of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Baloda-Bazar Road, Raipur CG 493225, IndiaDepartment of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Baloda-Bazar Road, Raipur CG 493225, IndiaDivision for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaDivision for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaEnvironmental Engineering Department, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, TurkeyGeological Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, TurkeyETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid, Avenida de Madrid 44, 34004 Palencia, SpainDepartment of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaRice, wheat, and maize grains are staple foods, widely consumed for their mineral and nutritional values. However, they can accumulate toxic elements from contaminated soils, posing health risks. This study investigates the bioaccumulation patterns of 52 elements (including nutrients, heavy metals, and rare earth elements) in various parts (grain, husk, straw, and root) of cereals grown in a heavily polluted region. The results revealed that rice grains exhibited a higher accumulation (Σ33.4 mg/kg) of toxic elements (As, Cu, Cr, Ni, and Pb) than wheat (Σ26.6 mg/kg) and maize (Σ16.2 mg/kg) grains, with the high-yield RI64 cultivar (Σ47.0 mg/kg) being the most susceptible. Across the rice plant, accumulation increased in the order of grain < husk < straw < root. Elements like P, K, Cu, and Zn showed the highest enrichment. Worryingly, the most toxic elements, such as As, Pb, and Cd, exceeded permissible limits across grains, straws, and husks. Health risk assessment indicated that wheat and maize pose greater non-cancer and cancer risks than rice. Despite being grown in a highly contaminated region, the study identifies some rice cultivars like <i>Luchai</i> and <i>Sarna</i> as relatively safer options due to a lower accumulation of toxic elements.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/1/56grainshealth hazardsmineralpotentialitytoxicity |
| spellingShingle | Bhagyashri Wakhle Saroj Sharma Khageshwar Singh Patel Piyush Kant Pandey Antonela Blažević Željka Fiket Sema Yurdakul Simge Varol Pablo Martín-Ramos Hanan M. Al-Yousef Ramzi A. Mothana Multi-Element Exposure and Health Risks of Grains from Ambagarh Chowki, Chhattisgarh, India Toxics grains health hazards mineral potentiality toxicity |
| title | Multi-Element Exposure and Health Risks of Grains from Ambagarh Chowki, Chhattisgarh, India |
| title_full | Multi-Element Exposure and Health Risks of Grains from Ambagarh Chowki, Chhattisgarh, India |
| title_fullStr | Multi-Element Exposure and Health Risks of Grains from Ambagarh Chowki, Chhattisgarh, India |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multi-Element Exposure and Health Risks of Grains from Ambagarh Chowki, Chhattisgarh, India |
| title_short | Multi-Element Exposure and Health Risks of Grains from Ambagarh Chowki, Chhattisgarh, India |
| title_sort | multi element exposure and health risks of grains from ambagarh chowki chhattisgarh india |
| topic | grains health hazards mineral potentiality toxicity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/1/56 |
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