Prevalence of Hypertension and Its Associated Risk Factors among 34,111 HAART Naïve HIV-Infected Adults in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Background. Elevated blood pressure has been reported among treatment naïve HIV-infected patients. We investigated prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors in a HAART naïve HIV-infected population in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted among H...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2016-01-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Hypertension |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5958382 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832559979296456704 |
|---|---|
| author | Marina Njelekela Alfa Muhihi Akum Aveika Donna Spiegelman Claudia Hawkins Catharina Armstrong Enju Liu James Okuma Guerino Chalamila Sylvia Kaaya Ferdinand Mugusi Wafaie Fawzi |
| author_facet | Marina Njelekela Alfa Muhihi Akum Aveika Donna Spiegelman Claudia Hawkins Catharina Armstrong Enju Liu James Okuma Guerino Chalamila Sylvia Kaaya Ferdinand Mugusi Wafaie Fawzi |
| author_sort | Marina Njelekela |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background. Elevated blood pressure has been reported among treatment naïve HIV-infected patients. We investigated prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors in a HAART naïve HIV-infected population in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted among HAART naïve HIV-infected patients. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90 mmHg. Overweight and obesity were defined as body mass index (BMI) between 25.0–29.9 kg/m2 and ≥30 kg/m2, respectively. We used relative risks to examine factors associated with hypertension. Results. Prevalence of hypertension was found to be 12.5%. After adjusting for possible confounders, risk of hypertension was 10% more in male than female patients. Patients aged ≥50 years had more than 2-fold increased risk for hypertension compared to 30–39-years-old patients. Overweight and obesity were associated with 51% and 94% increased risk for hypertension compared to normal weight patients. Low CD4+ T-cell count, advanced WHO clinical disease stage, and history of TB were associated with 10%, 42%, and 14% decreased risk for hypertension. Conclusions. Older age, male gender, and overweight/obesity were associated with hypertension. Immune suppression and history of TB were associated with lower risk for hypertension. HIV treatment programs should screen and manage hypertension even in HAART naïve individuals. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-77473e5aa4d74c86ba12a3b8f7fc34eb |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-0384 2090-0392 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2016-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Hypertension |
| spelling | doaj-art-77473e5aa4d74c86ba12a3b8f7fc34eb2025-02-03T01:28:40ZengWileyInternational Journal of Hypertension2090-03842090-03922016-01-01201610.1155/2016/59583825958382Prevalence of Hypertension and Its Associated Risk Factors among 34,111 HAART Naïve HIV-Infected Adults in Dar es Salaam, TanzaniaMarina Njelekela0Alfa Muhihi1Akum Aveika2Donna Spiegelman3Claudia Hawkins4Catharina Armstrong5Enju Liu6James Okuma7Guerino Chalamila8Sylvia Kaaya9Ferdinand Mugusi10Wafaie Fawzi11Department of Physiology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, TanzaniaManagement and Development for Health, HIV/AIDS Care and Treatment Program, Dar es Salaam, TanzaniaManagement and Development for Health, HIV/AIDS Care and Treatment Program, Dar es Salaam, TanzaniaDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USAFeinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USATufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USADepartment of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USADepartment of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USAManagement and Development for Health, HIV/AIDS Care and Treatment Program, Dar es Salaam, TanzaniaDepartment of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, TanzaniaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, TanzaniaDepartment of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USABackground. Elevated blood pressure has been reported among treatment naïve HIV-infected patients. We investigated prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors in a HAART naïve HIV-infected population in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted among HAART naïve HIV-infected patients. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90 mmHg. Overweight and obesity were defined as body mass index (BMI) between 25.0–29.9 kg/m2 and ≥30 kg/m2, respectively. We used relative risks to examine factors associated with hypertension. Results. Prevalence of hypertension was found to be 12.5%. After adjusting for possible confounders, risk of hypertension was 10% more in male than female patients. Patients aged ≥50 years had more than 2-fold increased risk for hypertension compared to 30–39-years-old patients. Overweight and obesity were associated with 51% and 94% increased risk for hypertension compared to normal weight patients. Low CD4+ T-cell count, advanced WHO clinical disease stage, and history of TB were associated with 10%, 42%, and 14% decreased risk for hypertension. Conclusions. Older age, male gender, and overweight/obesity were associated with hypertension. Immune suppression and history of TB were associated with lower risk for hypertension. HIV treatment programs should screen and manage hypertension even in HAART naïve individuals.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5958382 |
| spellingShingle | Marina Njelekela Alfa Muhihi Akum Aveika Donna Spiegelman Claudia Hawkins Catharina Armstrong Enju Liu James Okuma Guerino Chalamila Sylvia Kaaya Ferdinand Mugusi Wafaie Fawzi Prevalence of Hypertension and Its Associated Risk Factors among 34,111 HAART Naïve HIV-Infected Adults in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania International Journal of Hypertension |
| title | Prevalence of Hypertension and Its Associated Risk Factors among 34,111 HAART Naïve HIV-Infected Adults in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania |
| title_full | Prevalence of Hypertension and Its Associated Risk Factors among 34,111 HAART Naïve HIV-Infected Adults in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence of Hypertension and Its Associated Risk Factors among 34,111 HAART Naïve HIV-Infected Adults in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence of Hypertension and Its Associated Risk Factors among 34,111 HAART Naïve HIV-Infected Adults in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania |
| title_short | Prevalence of Hypertension and Its Associated Risk Factors among 34,111 HAART Naïve HIV-Infected Adults in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania |
| title_sort | prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors among 34 111 haart naive hiv infected adults in dar es salaam tanzania |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5958382 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT marinanjelekela prevalenceofhypertensionanditsassociatedriskfactorsamong34111haartnaivehivinfectedadultsindaressalaamtanzania AT alfamuhihi prevalenceofhypertensionanditsassociatedriskfactorsamong34111haartnaivehivinfectedadultsindaressalaamtanzania AT akumaveika prevalenceofhypertensionanditsassociatedriskfactorsamong34111haartnaivehivinfectedadultsindaressalaamtanzania AT donnaspiegelman prevalenceofhypertensionanditsassociatedriskfactorsamong34111haartnaivehivinfectedadultsindaressalaamtanzania AT claudiahawkins prevalenceofhypertensionanditsassociatedriskfactorsamong34111haartnaivehivinfectedadultsindaressalaamtanzania AT catharinaarmstrong prevalenceofhypertensionanditsassociatedriskfactorsamong34111haartnaivehivinfectedadultsindaressalaamtanzania AT enjuliu prevalenceofhypertensionanditsassociatedriskfactorsamong34111haartnaivehivinfectedadultsindaressalaamtanzania AT jamesokuma prevalenceofhypertensionanditsassociatedriskfactorsamong34111haartnaivehivinfectedadultsindaressalaamtanzania AT guerinochalamila prevalenceofhypertensionanditsassociatedriskfactorsamong34111haartnaivehivinfectedadultsindaressalaamtanzania AT sylviakaaya prevalenceofhypertensionanditsassociatedriskfactorsamong34111haartnaivehivinfectedadultsindaressalaamtanzania AT ferdinandmugusi prevalenceofhypertensionanditsassociatedriskfactorsamong34111haartnaivehivinfectedadultsindaressalaamtanzania AT wafaiefawzi prevalenceofhypertensionanditsassociatedriskfactorsamong34111haartnaivehivinfectedadultsindaressalaamtanzania |