Improved Low-Complexity Demodulation: Integrating Minimum-Mean-Square-Error and Maximum-Likelihood Detection for Image-Sensor-Based Visible Light Communication
This study proposes an improved low-complexity signal demodulation method for a visible light communication (VLC) system with an image sensor as a receiver and light-emitting diode (LED) transmitters. Signal demodulation by VLC systems is challenging when image sensors are used as receivers because...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2025-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10840233/ |
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| author | Yuki Ohira Shintaro Arai Kengo Fujii Tomohiro Yendo |
| author_facet | Yuki Ohira Shintaro Arai Kengo Fujii Tomohiro Yendo |
| author_sort | Yuki Ohira |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study proposes an improved low-complexity signal demodulation method for a visible light communication (VLC) system with an image sensor as a receiver and light-emitting diode (LED) transmitters. Signal demodulation by VLC systems is challenging when image sensors are used as receivers because of defocusing. The traditional maximum likelihood detection (MLD)-based demodulation, although effective, incurs high computational costs, restricting its use in real-time applications. To address these limitations, this study introduces an improved error signal candidate selection algorithm that focuses on residual signals and channel matrix characteristics to refine the signal estimation result. Through iterative refinement using low-complexity detectors such as those based on zero-forcing (ZF), and minimum-mean-square error (MMSE), our method substantially narrows the search space for the MLD, thus striking a balance between demodulation performance and computational efficiency. The proposed method was validated through laboratory experiments to demonstrate substantial performance gains over existing techniques. Thus, this method advances the field of VLC demodulation, particularly for systems with image sensors. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-76f91a56caaf4654837733d31de40308 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj-art-76f91a56caaf4654837733d31de403082025-01-24T00:02:05ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-0113121381214710.1109/ACCESS.2025.352949810840233Improved Low-Complexity Demodulation: Integrating Minimum-Mean-Square-Error and Maximum-Likelihood Detection for Image-Sensor-Based Visible Light CommunicationYuki Ohira0https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2619-4395Shintaro Arai1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4562-9385Kengo Fujii2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6451-759XTomohiro Yendo3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0295-5532Department of Electrical, Electronics and Information Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, JapanDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, JapanDepartment of Electrical, Electronics and Information Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, JapanDepartment of Electrical, Electronics and Information Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, JapanThis study proposes an improved low-complexity signal demodulation method for a visible light communication (VLC) system with an image sensor as a receiver and light-emitting diode (LED) transmitters. Signal demodulation by VLC systems is challenging when image sensors are used as receivers because of defocusing. The traditional maximum likelihood detection (MLD)-based demodulation, although effective, incurs high computational costs, restricting its use in real-time applications. To address these limitations, this study introduces an improved error signal candidate selection algorithm that focuses on residual signals and channel matrix characteristics to refine the signal estimation result. Through iterative refinement using low-complexity detectors such as those based on zero-forcing (ZF), and minimum-mean-square error (MMSE), our method substantially narrows the search space for the MLD, thus striking a balance between demodulation performance and computational efficiency. The proposed method was validated through laboratory experiments to demonstrate substantial performance gains over existing techniques. Thus, this method advances the field of VLC demodulation, particularly for systems with image sensors.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10840233/Optical camera communicationoptical wireless communicationsignal demodulationvisible light communication |
| spellingShingle | Yuki Ohira Shintaro Arai Kengo Fujii Tomohiro Yendo Improved Low-Complexity Demodulation: Integrating Minimum-Mean-Square-Error and Maximum-Likelihood Detection for Image-Sensor-Based Visible Light Communication IEEE Access Optical camera communication optical wireless communication signal demodulation visible light communication |
| title | Improved Low-Complexity Demodulation: Integrating Minimum-Mean-Square-Error and Maximum-Likelihood Detection for Image-Sensor-Based Visible Light Communication |
| title_full | Improved Low-Complexity Demodulation: Integrating Minimum-Mean-Square-Error and Maximum-Likelihood Detection for Image-Sensor-Based Visible Light Communication |
| title_fullStr | Improved Low-Complexity Demodulation: Integrating Minimum-Mean-Square-Error and Maximum-Likelihood Detection for Image-Sensor-Based Visible Light Communication |
| title_full_unstemmed | Improved Low-Complexity Demodulation: Integrating Minimum-Mean-Square-Error and Maximum-Likelihood Detection for Image-Sensor-Based Visible Light Communication |
| title_short | Improved Low-Complexity Demodulation: Integrating Minimum-Mean-Square-Error and Maximum-Likelihood Detection for Image-Sensor-Based Visible Light Communication |
| title_sort | improved low complexity demodulation integrating minimum mean square error and maximum likelihood detection for image sensor based visible light communication |
| topic | Optical camera communication optical wireless communication signal demodulation visible light communication |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10840233/ |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yukiohira improvedlowcomplexitydemodulationintegratingminimummeansquareerrorandmaximumlikelihooddetectionforimagesensorbasedvisiblelightcommunication AT shintaroarai improvedlowcomplexitydemodulationintegratingminimummeansquareerrorandmaximumlikelihooddetectionforimagesensorbasedvisiblelightcommunication AT kengofujii improvedlowcomplexitydemodulationintegratingminimummeansquareerrorandmaximumlikelihooddetectionforimagesensorbasedvisiblelightcommunication AT tomohiroyendo improvedlowcomplexitydemodulationintegratingminimummeansquareerrorandmaximumlikelihooddetectionforimagesensorbasedvisiblelightcommunication |