Prevalence of dengue and leptospirosis coinfection and associated mortality rates: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract Background Dengue and leptospirosis are prominent vector-borne diseases in tropical and subtropical regions, sharing overlapping geographic distribution and clinical presentations, which complicates diagnosis and management. Co-infection of these pathogens places additional strain on health...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Suraj Tiwari Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib Rekha MM Mandeep Kaur Girish Chandra Sharma Puneet Sudan K. Satyam Naidu Rajesh Singh Teena Vishwakarma Sonam Puri Muhammed Shabil Anuradha Yadav Takveer Singh Sahil Khurana Rachana Mehta Prakasini Satapathy Renu Sah Abhay M Gaidhane Ganesh Bushi |
| author_facet | Suraj Tiwari Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib Rekha MM Mandeep Kaur Girish Chandra Sharma Puneet Sudan K. Satyam Naidu Rajesh Singh Teena Vishwakarma Sonam Puri Muhammed Shabil Anuradha Yadav Takveer Singh Sahil Khurana Rachana Mehta Prakasini Satapathy Renu Sah Abhay M Gaidhane Ganesh Bushi |
| author_sort | Suraj Tiwari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Dengue and leptospirosis are prominent vector-borne diseases in tropical and subtropical regions, sharing overlapping geographic distribution and clinical presentations, which complicates diagnosis and management. Co-infection of these pathogens places additional strain on healthcare resources in endemic areas. This study aims to systematically estimate the prevalence and mortality rates of dengue and leptospirosis co-infections and assess their clinical implications. Methods Adhering the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and registered in the PROSPERO database, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis using the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases up to October 2024. Nested Knowledge was used for screening and data extraction. Studies reporting quantitative data on the prevalence or mortality of dengue and leptospirosis co-infections were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers using the Modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Statistical analyses, including prevalence and mortality estimation, sensitivity analysis were conducted using R, with heterogeneity evaluated by the I² statistic. Results Out of 3,982 records, 14 studies met the eligibility criteria, yielding a pooled prevalence of dengue and leptospirosis co-infection at 2.33% (95% CI: 1.41–3.46%) across 16,638 participants, with significant heterogeneity (I² = 90%). The prediction interval for co-infection ranged from 0.05 to 7.27%. The pooled mortality rate among co-infected patients was 9.96% (95% CI: 0–53.49%), with moderate heterogeneity (I² = 71%). The prediction interval for mortality ranged from 0.00 to 100%. Publication bias was indicated by an LFK index of 2.52. Conclusion This meta-analysis revealed a moderate prevalence and a notable mortality rate for dengue and leptospirosis co-infections, with significant variability observed across different studies. Further research into the immunopathology and the implementation of integrated surveillance systems could enhance the effectiveness of diagnosis and treatment strategies in regions where these diseases are endemic. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-76df8c1960954794903a21968e1fcef4 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1471-2334 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | BMC Infectious Diseases |
| spelling | doaj-art-76df8c1960954794903a21968e1fcef42025-01-26T12:17:00ZengBMCBMC Infectious Diseases1471-23342025-01-0125111110.1186/s12879-025-10498-1Prevalence of dengue and leptospirosis coinfection and associated mortality rates: a systematic review and meta-analysisSuraj Tiwari0Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib1Rekha MM2Mandeep Kaur3Girish Chandra Sharma4Puneet Sudan5K. Satyam Naidu6Rajesh Singh7Teena Vishwakarma8Sonam Puri9Muhammed Shabil10Anuradha Yadav11Takveer Singh12Sahil Khurana13Rachana Mehta14Prakasini Satapathy15Renu Sah16Abhay M Gaidhane17Ganesh Bushi18Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and ResearchDivision of Evidence Synthesis, Global Consortium of Public Health and Research, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher EducationDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to be University)Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global UniversityDepartment of Applied Sciences-Chemistry, NIMS Institute of Engineering & Technology, NIMS University RajasthanDepartment of Pharmacy Chandigarh Pharmacy College, Chandigarh Group of Colleges-JhanjeriDepartment of Chemistry, Raghu Engineering CollegeUttaranchal Institute of Technology, Uttaranchal UniversityIES Institute of Pharmacy, IES UniversityNew Delhi Institute of Management, Tughlakabad Institutional AreaCenter for Global Health Research, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha UniversityGraphic Era Institute of Medical Sciences, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University, Clement TownCentre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara UniversityChitkara Centre for Research and Development, Chitkara UniversityClinical Microbiology, RDC, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and StudiesUniversity Center for Research and Development, Chandigarh UniversitySR Sanjeevani HospitalGlobal Health Academy, School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher EducationSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional UniversityAbstract Background Dengue and leptospirosis are prominent vector-borne diseases in tropical and subtropical regions, sharing overlapping geographic distribution and clinical presentations, which complicates diagnosis and management. Co-infection of these pathogens places additional strain on healthcare resources in endemic areas. This study aims to systematically estimate the prevalence and mortality rates of dengue and leptospirosis co-infections and assess their clinical implications. Methods Adhering the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and registered in the PROSPERO database, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis using the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases up to October 2024. Nested Knowledge was used for screening and data extraction. Studies reporting quantitative data on the prevalence or mortality of dengue and leptospirosis co-infections were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers using the Modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Statistical analyses, including prevalence and mortality estimation, sensitivity analysis were conducted using R, with heterogeneity evaluated by the I² statistic. Results Out of 3,982 records, 14 studies met the eligibility criteria, yielding a pooled prevalence of dengue and leptospirosis co-infection at 2.33% (95% CI: 1.41–3.46%) across 16,638 participants, with significant heterogeneity (I² = 90%). The prediction interval for co-infection ranged from 0.05 to 7.27%. The pooled mortality rate among co-infected patients was 9.96% (95% CI: 0–53.49%), with moderate heterogeneity (I² = 71%). The prediction interval for mortality ranged from 0.00 to 100%. Publication bias was indicated by an LFK index of 2.52. Conclusion This meta-analysis revealed a moderate prevalence and a notable mortality rate for dengue and leptospirosis co-infections, with significant variability observed across different studies. Further research into the immunopathology and the implementation of integrated surveillance systems could enhance the effectiveness of diagnosis and treatment strategies in regions where these diseases are endemic.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-10498-1DengueLeptospirosisCo-infectionPrevalenceSystematic reviewMeta-analysis |
| spellingShingle | Suraj Tiwari Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib Rekha MM Mandeep Kaur Girish Chandra Sharma Puneet Sudan K. Satyam Naidu Rajesh Singh Teena Vishwakarma Sonam Puri Muhammed Shabil Anuradha Yadav Takveer Singh Sahil Khurana Rachana Mehta Prakasini Satapathy Renu Sah Abhay M Gaidhane Ganesh Bushi Prevalence of dengue and leptospirosis coinfection and associated mortality rates: a systematic review and meta-analysis BMC Infectious Diseases Dengue Leptospirosis Co-infection Prevalence Systematic review Meta-analysis |
| title | Prevalence of dengue and leptospirosis coinfection and associated mortality rates: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full | Prevalence of dengue and leptospirosis coinfection and associated mortality rates: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence of dengue and leptospirosis coinfection and associated mortality rates: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence of dengue and leptospirosis coinfection and associated mortality rates: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_short | Prevalence of dengue and leptospirosis coinfection and associated mortality rates: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_sort | prevalence of dengue and leptospirosis coinfection and associated mortality rates a systematic review and meta analysis |
| topic | Dengue Leptospirosis Co-infection Prevalence Systematic review Meta-analysis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-10498-1 |
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