Risk assessment of Escherichia coli O157:H7 along the farm-to-fork fresh-cut romaine lettuce supply chain

Abstract Outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (ECO157) in romaine lettuce remain an ongoing public health concern. Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) models are key tools for identifying control measures to mitigate foodborne diseases. Here, we introduce a comprehensive QMRA framework al...

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Main Authors: Ece Bulut, Sarah I. Murphy, Laura K. Strawn, Michelle D. Danyluk, Martin Wiedmann, Renata Ivanek
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01585-z
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author Ece Bulut
Sarah I. Murphy
Laura K. Strawn
Michelle D. Danyluk
Martin Wiedmann
Renata Ivanek
author_facet Ece Bulut
Sarah I. Murphy
Laura K. Strawn
Michelle D. Danyluk
Martin Wiedmann
Renata Ivanek
author_sort Ece Bulut
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (ECO157) in romaine lettuce remain an ongoing public health concern. Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) models are key tools for identifying control measures to mitigate foodborne diseases. Here, we introduce a comprehensive QMRA framework along the farm-to-fork fresh-cut romaine lettuce chain, including a novel preharvest difference equation model, to predict annual ECO157 illness cases in the United States and evaluate control strategies. We demonstrated the importance of managing irrigation-related contamination at preharvest to control illness cases. Wildlife intrusions pose lower health risk, followed by runoffs and biological soil amendments of animal origin. When preharvest contamination persists and combines with time–temperature abuses at postharvest, the predicted ECO157 illness cases rise considerably. We showed a broad range of interventions targeting both preharvest and postharvest stages can effectively improve the microbial safety of fresh-cut romaine. The comprehensive practices and interventions explored in this study will aid decision-makers in establishing/enhancing food safety best management practices.
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spelling doaj-art-76c7bc073e5e4dd9a2fc79e2b4e281442025-08-20T04:03:07ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115112410.1038/s41598-025-01585-zRisk assessment of Escherichia coli O157:H7 along the farm-to-fork fresh-cut romaine lettuce supply chainEce Bulut0Sarah I. Murphy1Laura K. Strawn2Michelle D. Danyluk3Martin Wiedmann4Renata Ivanek5Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell UniversityDepartment of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell UniversityDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Virginia TechFood Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of FloridaDepartment of Food Science, Cornell UniversityDepartment of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell UniversityAbstract Outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (ECO157) in romaine lettuce remain an ongoing public health concern. Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) models are key tools for identifying control measures to mitigate foodborne diseases. Here, we introduce a comprehensive QMRA framework along the farm-to-fork fresh-cut romaine lettuce chain, including a novel preharvest difference equation model, to predict annual ECO157 illness cases in the United States and evaluate control strategies. We demonstrated the importance of managing irrigation-related contamination at preharvest to control illness cases. Wildlife intrusions pose lower health risk, followed by runoffs and biological soil amendments of animal origin. When preharvest contamination persists and combines with time–temperature abuses at postharvest, the predicted ECO157 illness cases rise considerably. We showed a broad range of interventions targeting both preharvest and postharvest stages can effectively improve the microbial safety of fresh-cut romaine. The comprehensive practices and interventions explored in this study will aid decision-makers in establishing/enhancing food safety best management practices.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01585-zQuantitative microbial risk assessmentEscherichia coli O157:H7LettuceFarm to fork
spellingShingle Ece Bulut
Sarah I. Murphy
Laura K. Strawn
Michelle D. Danyluk
Martin Wiedmann
Renata Ivanek
Risk assessment of Escherichia coli O157:H7 along the farm-to-fork fresh-cut romaine lettuce supply chain
Scientific Reports
Quantitative microbial risk assessment
Escherichia coli O157:H7
Lettuce
Farm to fork
title Risk assessment of Escherichia coli O157:H7 along the farm-to-fork fresh-cut romaine lettuce supply chain
title_full Risk assessment of Escherichia coli O157:H7 along the farm-to-fork fresh-cut romaine lettuce supply chain
title_fullStr Risk assessment of Escherichia coli O157:H7 along the farm-to-fork fresh-cut romaine lettuce supply chain
title_full_unstemmed Risk assessment of Escherichia coli O157:H7 along the farm-to-fork fresh-cut romaine lettuce supply chain
title_short Risk assessment of Escherichia coli O157:H7 along the farm-to-fork fresh-cut romaine lettuce supply chain
title_sort risk assessment of escherichia coli o157 h7 along the farm to fork fresh cut romaine lettuce supply chain
topic Quantitative microbial risk assessment
Escherichia coli O157:H7
Lettuce
Farm to fork
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01585-z
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