The Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Driving Factors of Soil Degradation in the Black Soil Region of Northeast China
The Northeastern Black Soil Region in China is recognized as one of the three major black soil regions globally and is often regarded as a cornerstone of national food security. However, prolonged agricultural practices have led to increasingly severe soil degradation, and the mechanisms and driving...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| author | Zixuan Wu Jingyi Jiang Wencai Dong Song Cui |
| author_facet | Zixuan Wu Jingyi Jiang Wencai Dong Song Cui |
| author_sort | Zixuan Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Northeastern Black Soil Region in China is recognized as one of the three major black soil regions globally and is often regarded as a cornerstone of national food security. However, prolonged agricultural practices have led to increasingly severe soil degradation, and the mechanisms and driving factors behind the degradation of soil quality remain unclear. Therefore, this study examines the historical and current characteristics of soil quality, focusing on major influencing factors, such as the 70-year history of reclamation and climate change. By accessing different databases, reviewing the relevant literature, and performing Pearson correlation and redundancy analyses (RDA), this study investigated the variation patterns of significant soil quality indicators and their driving factors in the 0–20 cm soil layer along the latitudinal direction (Nenjiang, Beian, Hailun, and Harbin) in the typical black soil region of Northeast China. The main conclusions are as follows: the soil organic matter (SOM) content experienced a rapid decline in the 30 years preceding cultivation (1950~1980), with the greatest decline rate in the Beian area (about 1.10 g/kg per year). The SOM in the Beian, Hailun, and Harbin areas decreased from north to south, changing at rates of 9.40–21.67 g/kg/degree and 0.15–0.34 g/kg/m with latitude and elevation, respectively. Elevation impacts the annual rate of change in soil quality indicators through its influence on the annual mean maximum temperature (AMXT) and annual atmospheric pressure (AP). AMXT and AP exhibit a linear relationship with elevation, based on which regression models were established. The key factors influencing soil quality indicators in the black soil region include cultivation years (Y), annual mean maximum and minimum temperatures (AMXT and AMNT), annual relative humidity (ARH), and AP. An increase in chemical fertilizer application is among the critical factors affecting soil pH. Additionally, the extensive use of agricultural machinery can reduce soil porosity and cause water and salt accumulation, ultimately leading to a decline in soil pH. This study offers theoretical support for mitigating soil degradation in Northeast China’s black soil region, thereby contributing to national food security and promoting sustainable development. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-76c2d8c4261248c8bafe376ca37402d7 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj-art-76c2d8c4261248c8bafe376ca37402d72025-08-20T02:56:03ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952024-12-011412287010.3390/agronomy14122870The Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Driving Factors of Soil Degradation in the Black Soil Region of Northeast ChinaZixuan Wu0Jingyi Jiang1Wencai Dong2Song Cui3School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaCash Crop Division, National Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center, Beijing 100125, ChinaSchool of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaSchool of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaThe Northeastern Black Soil Region in China is recognized as one of the three major black soil regions globally and is often regarded as a cornerstone of national food security. However, prolonged agricultural practices have led to increasingly severe soil degradation, and the mechanisms and driving factors behind the degradation of soil quality remain unclear. Therefore, this study examines the historical and current characteristics of soil quality, focusing on major influencing factors, such as the 70-year history of reclamation and climate change. By accessing different databases, reviewing the relevant literature, and performing Pearson correlation and redundancy analyses (RDA), this study investigated the variation patterns of significant soil quality indicators and their driving factors in the 0–20 cm soil layer along the latitudinal direction (Nenjiang, Beian, Hailun, and Harbin) in the typical black soil region of Northeast China. The main conclusions are as follows: the soil organic matter (SOM) content experienced a rapid decline in the 30 years preceding cultivation (1950~1980), with the greatest decline rate in the Beian area (about 1.10 g/kg per year). The SOM in the Beian, Hailun, and Harbin areas decreased from north to south, changing at rates of 9.40–21.67 g/kg/degree and 0.15–0.34 g/kg/m with latitude and elevation, respectively. Elevation impacts the annual rate of change in soil quality indicators through its influence on the annual mean maximum temperature (AMXT) and annual atmospheric pressure (AP). AMXT and AP exhibit a linear relationship with elevation, based on which regression models were established. The key factors influencing soil quality indicators in the black soil region include cultivation years (Y), annual mean maximum and minimum temperatures (AMXT and AMNT), annual relative humidity (ARH), and AP. An increase in chemical fertilizer application is among the critical factors affecting soil pH. Additionally, the extensive use of agricultural machinery can reduce soil porosity and cause water and salt accumulation, ultimately leading to a decline in soil pH. This study offers theoretical support for mitigating soil degradation in Northeast China’s black soil region, thereby contributing to national food security and promoting sustainable development.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/12/2870black soilquality indicatorsdriving factorscorrelation analysisredundancy analysis |
| spellingShingle | Zixuan Wu Jingyi Jiang Wencai Dong Song Cui The Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Driving Factors of Soil Degradation in the Black Soil Region of Northeast China Agronomy black soil quality indicators driving factors correlation analysis redundancy analysis |
| title | The Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Driving Factors of Soil Degradation in the Black Soil Region of Northeast China |
| title_full | The Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Driving Factors of Soil Degradation in the Black Soil Region of Northeast China |
| title_fullStr | The Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Driving Factors of Soil Degradation in the Black Soil Region of Northeast China |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Driving Factors of Soil Degradation in the Black Soil Region of Northeast China |
| title_short | The Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Driving Factors of Soil Degradation in the Black Soil Region of Northeast China |
| title_sort | spatiotemporal characteristics and driving factors of soil degradation in the black soil region of northeast china |
| topic | black soil quality indicators driving factors correlation analysis redundancy analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/12/2870 |
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