Implementation of the STEPPS program for the treatment of self-harm behaviors in Catalonia’s prisons: barriers and facilitators
Abstract Background The Systems Training for Emotional Predictability and Problem Solving (STEPPS) is an evidence-based program that has been shown to be effective in reducing self-harm behaviors in Correctional Settings (CS). However, there is limited understanding of the contextual factors that im...
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2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-21519-8 |
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| author | Rosa Lorente-Català Irene Jaén Xavier Buscà-Huertas Berta Framis Azucena García-Palacios |
| author_facet | Rosa Lorente-Català Irene Jaén Xavier Buscà-Huertas Berta Framis Azucena García-Palacios |
| author_sort | Rosa Lorente-Català |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The Systems Training for Emotional Predictability and Problem Solving (STEPPS) is an evidence-based program that has been shown to be effective in reducing self-harm behaviors in Correctional Settings (CS). However, there is limited understanding of the contextual factors that impact the implementation of this intervention within such complex environments. A comprehensive understanding of the implementation process is crucial for the successful adoption of this program. This study aims to examine the factors that influence the implementation of the STEPPS program in CS, specifically regarding the management of self-harm behaviors. Method A hybrid implementation effectiveness type III study was conducted in penitentiary centers in Catalonia (Spain). Eight Focus Group Discussions based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) were conducted with 17 professionals who implemented the STEPPS program. Additionally, quantitative data were gathered using an open-closed questionnaire based on a CFIR questionnaire. Results The results indicated that the scientific evidence and knowledge acquired during the implementation process were seen as facilitators. Also, meetings and support from the external research team were considered positive factors. Conversely, implementation barriers of the STEPPS program in CS included the complexity of the intervention format and the mobility of inmates between modules and centers during the duration of the program. Conclusions These findings represent the first attempt to address self-harm behaviors within CS while considering the implementation process. They provide valuable insight into adapting evidence-based interventions, such as STEPPS, for implementation in CS. Trial registration NCT06297460 (ClinicalTrials.gov, retrospectively registered). |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1471-2458 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| spelling | doaj-art-76a4fdd23a194a6f95651fd84427d6cb2025-02-02T12:46:23ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582025-01-0125111510.1186/s12889-025-21519-8Implementation of the STEPPS program for the treatment of self-harm behaviors in Catalonia’s prisons: barriers and facilitatorsRosa Lorente-Català0Irene Jaén1Xavier Buscà-Huertas2Berta Framis3Azucena García-Palacios4Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology, and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume IDepartment of Psychology and Sociology, Universidad de Zaragoza (Campus Teruel)Unit of Specialized Intervention Programs, Directorate General of Penitentiary Affairs, Generalitat de CatalunyaCriminal Execution Research Unit of the Center for Legal Studies and Specialized Training, Department of Justice, Rights and Memory, Generalitat de CatalunyaDepartment of Basic and Clinical Psychology, and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume IAbstract Background The Systems Training for Emotional Predictability and Problem Solving (STEPPS) is an evidence-based program that has been shown to be effective in reducing self-harm behaviors in Correctional Settings (CS). However, there is limited understanding of the contextual factors that impact the implementation of this intervention within such complex environments. A comprehensive understanding of the implementation process is crucial for the successful adoption of this program. This study aims to examine the factors that influence the implementation of the STEPPS program in CS, specifically regarding the management of self-harm behaviors. Method A hybrid implementation effectiveness type III study was conducted in penitentiary centers in Catalonia (Spain). Eight Focus Group Discussions based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) were conducted with 17 professionals who implemented the STEPPS program. Additionally, quantitative data were gathered using an open-closed questionnaire based on a CFIR questionnaire. Results The results indicated that the scientific evidence and knowledge acquired during the implementation process were seen as facilitators. Also, meetings and support from the external research team were considered positive factors. Conversely, implementation barriers of the STEPPS program in CS included the complexity of the intervention format and the mobility of inmates between modules and centers during the duration of the program. Conclusions These findings represent the first attempt to address self-harm behaviors within CS while considering the implementation process. They provide valuable insight into adapting evidence-based interventions, such as STEPPS, for implementation in CS. Trial registration NCT06297460 (ClinicalTrials.gov, retrospectively registered).https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-21519-8Self-harm behaviorsCorrectional facilitiesPenitentiary interventionImplementation researchSTEPPS |
| spellingShingle | Rosa Lorente-Català Irene Jaén Xavier Buscà-Huertas Berta Framis Azucena García-Palacios Implementation of the STEPPS program for the treatment of self-harm behaviors in Catalonia’s prisons: barriers and facilitators BMC Public Health Self-harm behaviors Correctional facilities Penitentiary intervention Implementation research STEPPS |
| title | Implementation of the STEPPS program for the treatment of self-harm behaviors in Catalonia’s prisons: barriers and facilitators |
| title_full | Implementation of the STEPPS program for the treatment of self-harm behaviors in Catalonia’s prisons: barriers and facilitators |
| title_fullStr | Implementation of the STEPPS program for the treatment of self-harm behaviors in Catalonia’s prisons: barriers and facilitators |
| title_full_unstemmed | Implementation of the STEPPS program for the treatment of self-harm behaviors in Catalonia’s prisons: barriers and facilitators |
| title_short | Implementation of the STEPPS program for the treatment of self-harm behaviors in Catalonia’s prisons: barriers and facilitators |
| title_sort | implementation of the stepps program for the treatment of self harm behaviors in catalonia s prisons barriers and facilitators |
| topic | Self-harm behaviors Correctional facilities Penitentiary intervention Implementation research STEPPS |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-21519-8 |
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