Effects of Simultaneously Performed Dual-Task Training with Aerobic Exercise and Working Memory Training on Cognitive Functions and Neural Systems in the Elderly
Working memory (WM) training (WMT), aerobic exercise training (AET), and dual-task training improve cognitive functions and alter neural systems in older adults. In particular, the effects have been investigated of dual-task training that combines a walking or standing activity (balance exercise) si...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Neural Plasticity |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3859824 |
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| author | Hikaru Takeuchi Daniele Magistro Yuka Kotozaki Kosuke Motoki Keyvan Kashkouli Nejad Rui Nouchi Hyeonjeong Jeong Chiho Sato Salvatore Sessa Ryoichi Nagatomi Massimiliano Zecca Atsuo Takanishi Ryuta Kawashima |
| author_facet | Hikaru Takeuchi Daniele Magistro Yuka Kotozaki Kosuke Motoki Keyvan Kashkouli Nejad Rui Nouchi Hyeonjeong Jeong Chiho Sato Salvatore Sessa Ryoichi Nagatomi Massimiliano Zecca Atsuo Takanishi Ryuta Kawashima |
| author_sort | Hikaru Takeuchi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Working memory (WM) training (WMT), aerobic exercise training (AET), and dual-task training improve cognitive functions and alter neural systems in older adults. In particular, the effects have been investigated of dual-task training that combines a walking or standing activity (balance exercise) simultaneously performed with cognitive training (which is ecologically difficult for the elderly). In this study, we investigated the effects of simultaneously performed dual-task training incorporating both AET and WMT (SDAEWMT), using a recumbent ergocycle bicycle and a WMT program that provided a portable console and made the training ecologically easy for the elderly. Older adults (65.9±13.7 years old) participated in 3 months of SDAEWMT, WMT, or AET after random allocation, and the effects of SDAEWMT were compared with those of WMT and AET. Prior to and after training, all the subjects underwent cognitive testing, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) involving diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and functional MRI during performance of an N-back WM task. SDAEWMT improved executive function (performance of a frontal assessment battery); however, there was no evidence of broader transfer effects or enhanced learning with WMT. SDAEWMT resulted in mean diffusivity changes in brain areas involving the dopaminergic system, suggesting that neural tissue changes occurred in these areas. SDAEWMT also resulted in an increase in brain activity during the 2-back working memory task in brain areas involved in attentional reorientation. These results suggest that SDAEWMT is effective for improving cognitive functions and inducing beneficial neural changes in older adults. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-765705cc3f0445fab07e88fb00970d75 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-5904 1687-5443 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Neural Plasticity |
| spelling | doaj-art-765705cc3f0445fab07e88fb00970d752025-02-03T05:57:19ZengWileyNeural Plasticity2090-59041687-54432020-01-01202010.1155/2020/38598243859824Effects of Simultaneously Performed Dual-Task Training with Aerobic Exercise and Working Memory Training on Cognitive Functions and Neural Systems in the ElderlyHikaru Takeuchi0Daniele Magistro1Yuka Kotozaki2Kosuke Motoki3Keyvan Kashkouli Nejad4Rui Nouchi5Hyeonjeong Jeong6Chiho Sato7Salvatore Sessa8Ryoichi Nagatomi9Massimiliano Zecca10Atsuo Takanishi11Ryuta Kawashima12Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, JapanDepartment of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UKDivision of Clinical research, Medical-Industry Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, JapanDepartment of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, JapanDepartment of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, JapanCreative Interdisciplinary Research Division, Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, JapanDepartment of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, JapanDepartment of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, JapanGraduate School of Creative Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, JapanDivision of Biomedical Engineering for Health and Welfare, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, JapanNational Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine-East Midlands, Loughborough University, UKDepartment of Modern Mechanical Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, JapanDivision of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, JapanWorking memory (WM) training (WMT), aerobic exercise training (AET), and dual-task training improve cognitive functions and alter neural systems in older adults. In particular, the effects have been investigated of dual-task training that combines a walking or standing activity (balance exercise) simultaneously performed with cognitive training (which is ecologically difficult for the elderly). In this study, we investigated the effects of simultaneously performed dual-task training incorporating both AET and WMT (SDAEWMT), using a recumbent ergocycle bicycle and a WMT program that provided a portable console and made the training ecologically easy for the elderly. Older adults (65.9±13.7 years old) participated in 3 months of SDAEWMT, WMT, or AET after random allocation, and the effects of SDAEWMT were compared with those of WMT and AET. Prior to and after training, all the subjects underwent cognitive testing, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) involving diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and functional MRI during performance of an N-back WM task. SDAEWMT improved executive function (performance of a frontal assessment battery); however, there was no evidence of broader transfer effects or enhanced learning with WMT. SDAEWMT resulted in mean diffusivity changes in brain areas involving the dopaminergic system, suggesting that neural tissue changes occurred in these areas. SDAEWMT also resulted in an increase in brain activity during the 2-back working memory task in brain areas involved in attentional reorientation. These results suggest that SDAEWMT is effective for improving cognitive functions and inducing beneficial neural changes in older adults.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3859824 |
| spellingShingle | Hikaru Takeuchi Daniele Magistro Yuka Kotozaki Kosuke Motoki Keyvan Kashkouli Nejad Rui Nouchi Hyeonjeong Jeong Chiho Sato Salvatore Sessa Ryoichi Nagatomi Massimiliano Zecca Atsuo Takanishi Ryuta Kawashima Effects of Simultaneously Performed Dual-Task Training with Aerobic Exercise and Working Memory Training on Cognitive Functions and Neural Systems in the Elderly Neural Plasticity |
| title | Effects of Simultaneously Performed Dual-Task Training with Aerobic Exercise and Working Memory Training on Cognitive Functions and Neural Systems in the Elderly |
| title_full | Effects of Simultaneously Performed Dual-Task Training with Aerobic Exercise and Working Memory Training on Cognitive Functions and Neural Systems in the Elderly |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Simultaneously Performed Dual-Task Training with Aerobic Exercise and Working Memory Training on Cognitive Functions and Neural Systems in the Elderly |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Simultaneously Performed Dual-Task Training with Aerobic Exercise and Working Memory Training on Cognitive Functions and Neural Systems in the Elderly |
| title_short | Effects of Simultaneously Performed Dual-Task Training with Aerobic Exercise and Working Memory Training on Cognitive Functions and Neural Systems in the Elderly |
| title_sort | effects of simultaneously performed dual task training with aerobic exercise and working memory training on cognitive functions and neural systems in the elderly |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3859824 |
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