E-cigarettes are not associated with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome among US adults
Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in many survivors experiencing post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) with symptoms including fatigue, breathlessness, and cognitive complaints. E-cigarette use has already been associated with increased susceptibility to COVID-19 because of its effects on ACE...
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| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87354-4 |
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| author | Shahryar Rajai Firouzabadi Ida Mohammadi Mohammadreza Alinejadfard Arman Shafiee |
| author_facet | Shahryar Rajai Firouzabadi Ida Mohammadi Mohammadreza Alinejadfard Arman Shafiee |
| author_sort | Shahryar Rajai Firouzabadi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in many survivors experiencing post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) with symptoms including fatigue, breathlessness, and cognitive complaints. E-cigarette use has already been associated with increased susceptibility to COVID-19 because of its effects on ACE2 receptor expression and inflammation, raising concern that it might worsen the long-term outcomes of COVID-19, including PCS. While traditional smoking is associated with a higher risk of PCS, the role of e-cigarettes remains unclear due to conflicting evidence. Using 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data, this study investigated the association between e-cigarette use and PCS among US adults who tested positive for COVID-19. The final sample included 107,249 adults after the exclusion of respondents with missing information. It analyzed e-cigarette use (never, former, current) and controlled for key covariates such as age, gender, BMI, smoking, and chronic diseases. The results showed that female gender, obesity, current smoking, and a history of depression, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were significantly associated with higher odds of PCS. Nevertheless, e-cigarette use was not related significantly to increased odds for PCS (current e-cigarette use: aOR = 1.07, 95 CI: 0.96, 1.20; former e-cigarette use: aOR = 1.03, 95 CI: 0.96, 1.12). The mediation analysis showed no indirect effect of the use of e-cigarettes on PCS via COPD. In conclusion our findings did not reveal an independent or indirect association between PCS with e-cigarette use. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-763f4c5842ea4053aafc11abd3cb912f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-763f4c5842ea4053aafc11abd3cb912f2025-01-26T12:33:08ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-0115111510.1038/s41598-025-87354-4E-cigarettes are not associated with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome among US adultsShahryar Rajai Firouzabadi0Ida Mohammadi1Mohammadreza Alinejadfard2Arman Shafiee3School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesSchool of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesSchool of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesSchool of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical ScienceAbstract The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in many survivors experiencing post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) with symptoms including fatigue, breathlessness, and cognitive complaints. E-cigarette use has already been associated with increased susceptibility to COVID-19 because of its effects on ACE2 receptor expression and inflammation, raising concern that it might worsen the long-term outcomes of COVID-19, including PCS. While traditional smoking is associated with a higher risk of PCS, the role of e-cigarettes remains unclear due to conflicting evidence. Using 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data, this study investigated the association between e-cigarette use and PCS among US adults who tested positive for COVID-19. The final sample included 107,249 adults after the exclusion of respondents with missing information. It analyzed e-cigarette use (never, former, current) and controlled for key covariates such as age, gender, BMI, smoking, and chronic diseases. The results showed that female gender, obesity, current smoking, and a history of depression, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were significantly associated with higher odds of PCS. Nevertheless, e-cigarette use was not related significantly to increased odds for PCS (current e-cigarette use: aOR = 1.07, 95 CI: 0.96, 1.20; former e-cigarette use: aOR = 1.03, 95 CI: 0.96, 1.12). The mediation analysis showed no indirect effect of the use of e-cigarettes on PCS via COPD. In conclusion our findings did not reveal an independent or indirect association between PCS with e-cigarette use.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87354-4E-cigaretteVapingPost-acute COVID-19 syndromePost COVID-19 conditionLong COVID |
| spellingShingle | Shahryar Rajai Firouzabadi Ida Mohammadi Mohammadreza Alinejadfard Arman Shafiee E-cigarettes are not associated with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome among US adults Scientific Reports E-cigarette Vaping Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome Post COVID-19 condition Long COVID |
| title | E-cigarettes are not associated with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome among US adults |
| title_full | E-cigarettes are not associated with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome among US adults |
| title_fullStr | E-cigarettes are not associated with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome among US adults |
| title_full_unstemmed | E-cigarettes are not associated with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome among US adults |
| title_short | E-cigarettes are not associated with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome among US adults |
| title_sort | e cigarettes are not associated with post acute covid 19 syndrome among us adults |
| topic | E-cigarette Vaping Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome Post COVID-19 condition Long COVID |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87354-4 |
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