Research on Red/Near-Infrared Fluorescent Carbon Dots Based on Different Carbon Sources and Solvents: Fluorescence Mechanism and Biological Applications
Fluorescent carbon dots, especially red/near-infrared-emitting CDs, are becoming increasingly important in the field of biomedicine. This article reviews the synthesis, fluorescence mechanisms, and biological applications of R/NIR-CDs, emphasizing the importance of carbon source and solvent selectio...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | Nanomaterials |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/2/81 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832587803518566400 |
|---|---|
| author | Jun Song Minghao Kang Shujian Ji Shuai Ye Jiaqing Guo |
| author_facet | Jun Song Minghao Kang Shujian Ji Shuai Ye Jiaqing Guo |
| author_sort | Jun Song |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fluorescent carbon dots, especially red/near-infrared-emitting CDs, are becoming increasingly important in the field of biomedicine. This article reviews the synthesis, fluorescence mechanisms, and biological applications of R/NIR-CDs, emphasizing the importance of carbon source and solvent selection in controlling their optical properties. The formation process of CDs is classified, and the fluorescence mechanisms of CDs are summarized, involving carbon core states, surface states, molecular states, and cross-linking enhanced emission effects. This article also highlights the applications of R/NIR-CDs in bioimaging, biosensing, phototherapy, and drug delivery. The final section discusses challenges and prospects. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-762bd4771bd94c5d9ecace8eabeb5508 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj-art-762bd4771bd94c5d9ecace8eabeb55082025-01-24T13:44:04ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912025-01-011528110.3390/nano15020081Research on Red/Near-Infrared Fluorescent Carbon Dots Based on Different Carbon Sources and Solvents: Fluorescence Mechanism and Biological ApplicationsJun Song0Minghao Kang1Shujian Ji2Shuai Ye3Jiaqing Guo4State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, ChinaFluorescent carbon dots, especially red/near-infrared-emitting CDs, are becoming increasingly important in the field of biomedicine. This article reviews the synthesis, fluorescence mechanisms, and biological applications of R/NIR-CDs, emphasizing the importance of carbon source and solvent selection in controlling their optical properties. The formation process of CDs is classified, and the fluorescence mechanisms of CDs are summarized, involving carbon core states, surface states, molecular states, and cross-linking enhanced emission effects. This article also highlights the applications of R/NIR-CDs in bioimaging, biosensing, phototherapy, and drug delivery. The final section discusses challenges and prospects.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/2/81R/NIR-CDsbiological applicationsfluorescence mechanismssynthesisoptical properties |
| spellingShingle | Jun Song Minghao Kang Shujian Ji Shuai Ye Jiaqing Guo Research on Red/Near-Infrared Fluorescent Carbon Dots Based on Different Carbon Sources and Solvents: Fluorescence Mechanism and Biological Applications Nanomaterials R/NIR-CDs biological applications fluorescence mechanisms synthesis optical properties |
| title | Research on Red/Near-Infrared Fluorescent Carbon Dots Based on Different Carbon Sources and Solvents: Fluorescence Mechanism and Biological Applications |
| title_full | Research on Red/Near-Infrared Fluorescent Carbon Dots Based on Different Carbon Sources and Solvents: Fluorescence Mechanism and Biological Applications |
| title_fullStr | Research on Red/Near-Infrared Fluorescent Carbon Dots Based on Different Carbon Sources and Solvents: Fluorescence Mechanism and Biological Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Research on Red/Near-Infrared Fluorescent Carbon Dots Based on Different Carbon Sources and Solvents: Fluorescence Mechanism and Biological Applications |
| title_short | Research on Red/Near-Infrared Fluorescent Carbon Dots Based on Different Carbon Sources and Solvents: Fluorescence Mechanism and Biological Applications |
| title_sort | research on red near infrared fluorescent carbon dots based on different carbon sources and solvents fluorescence mechanism and biological applications |
| topic | R/NIR-CDs biological applications fluorescence mechanisms synthesis optical properties |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/2/81 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT junsong researchonrednearinfraredfluorescentcarbondotsbasedondifferentcarbonsourcesandsolventsfluorescencemechanismandbiologicalapplications AT minghaokang researchonrednearinfraredfluorescentcarbondotsbasedondifferentcarbonsourcesandsolventsfluorescencemechanismandbiologicalapplications AT shujianji researchonrednearinfraredfluorescentcarbondotsbasedondifferentcarbonsourcesandsolventsfluorescencemechanismandbiologicalapplications AT shuaiye researchonrednearinfraredfluorescentcarbondotsbasedondifferentcarbonsourcesandsolventsfluorescencemechanismandbiologicalapplications AT jiaqingguo researchonrednearinfraredfluorescentcarbondotsbasedondifferentcarbonsourcesandsolventsfluorescencemechanismandbiologicalapplications |