Survival Benefit of Radical Prostatectomy in Newly Diagnosed Metastatic Prostate Cancer Varies by PSA Level and Site of Metastasis

Background In patients with newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa), the appropriate population for radical prostatectomy (RP) remains unclear.Patients and methods Newly diagnosed mPCa patients were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and divided...

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Main Authors: Xin Zhang, Sen Pan, Wei Sun, Chuanlin Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Journal of Investigative Surgery
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/08941939.2025.2534579
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author Xin Zhang
Sen Pan
Wei Sun
Chuanlin Wang
author_facet Xin Zhang
Sen Pan
Wei Sun
Chuanlin Wang
author_sort Xin Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Background In patients with newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa), the appropriate population for radical prostatectomy (RP) remains unclear.Patients and methods Newly diagnosed mPCa patients were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and divided into no local therapy (NLT) and RP groups. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance baseline characteristics. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to estimate cancer-specific survival (CSS).Results A total of 9,215 patients were included, with 8,844 receiving NLT and 371 undergoing RP. After PSM, 321 patients in each group were included. RP was associated with significantly better CSS (HR = 0.38, 95% CI, 0.27–0.54, p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses showed consistent survival benefit of RP except in patients with M1c disease (HR = 0.55, 95% CI, 0.21–1.46, p = 0.229) or PSA ≥60 ng/ml (HR = 1.19, 95% CI, 0.53–2.86, p = 0.673). An exploratory classification defined low tumor burden as PSA <60 ng/ml and M1a/M1b disease, and high tumor burden as PSA ≥60 ng/ml or M1c. RP significantly improved CSS in the low tumor burden group (HR = 0.30, 95% CI, 0.20–0.46, p < 0.001), but not in the high tumor burden group (HR = 0.98, 95% CI, 0.53–1.84, p = 0.961).Conclusion In patients with newly diagnosed mPCa, the survival benefit of RP varies with tumor burden.
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spelling doaj-art-74d13d20b3684bd69116ff56c07fd7352025-08-20T03:08:32ZengTaylor & Francis GroupJournal of Investigative Surgery0894-19391521-05532025-12-0138110.1080/08941939.2025.2534579Survival Benefit of Radical Prostatectomy in Newly Diagnosed Metastatic Prostate Cancer Varies by PSA Level and Site of MetastasisXin Zhang0Sen Pan1Wei Sun2Chuanlin Wang3Department of Urology, Chongqing University Fuling Hospital, Chongqing, P.R. ChinaDepartment of Urology, Chongqing University Fuling Hospital, Chongqing, P.R. ChinaDepartment of Urology, Chongqing University Fuling Hospital, Chongqing, P.R. ChinaDepartment of Urology, Chongqing University Fuling Hospital, Chongqing, P.R. ChinaBackground In patients with newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa), the appropriate population for radical prostatectomy (RP) remains unclear.Patients and methods Newly diagnosed mPCa patients were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and divided into no local therapy (NLT) and RP groups. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance baseline characteristics. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to estimate cancer-specific survival (CSS).Results A total of 9,215 patients were included, with 8,844 receiving NLT and 371 undergoing RP. After PSM, 321 patients in each group were included. RP was associated with significantly better CSS (HR = 0.38, 95% CI, 0.27–0.54, p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses showed consistent survival benefit of RP except in patients with M1c disease (HR = 0.55, 95% CI, 0.21–1.46, p = 0.229) or PSA ≥60 ng/ml (HR = 1.19, 95% CI, 0.53–2.86, p = 0.673). An exploratory classification defined low tumor burden as PSA <60 ng/ml and M1a/M1b disease, and high tumor burden as PSA ≥60 ng/ml or M1c. RP significantly improved CSS in the low tumor burden group (HR = 0.30, 95% CI, 0.20–0.46, p < 0.001), but not in the high tumor burden group (HR = 0.98, 95% CI, 0.53–1.84, p = 0.961).Conclusion In patients with newly diagnosed mPCa, the survival benefit of RP varies with tumor burden.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/08941939.2025.2534579prostate cancermetastasisradical prostatectomySEER databasecancer-specific survival
spellingShingle Xin Zhang
Sen Pan
Wei Sun
Chuanlin Wang
Survival Benefit of Radical Prostatectomy in Newly Diagnosed Metastatic Prostate Cancer Varies by PSA Level and Site of Metastasis
Journal of Investigative Surgery
prostate cancer
metastasis
radical prostatectomy
SEER database
cancer-specific survival
title Survival Benefit of Radical Prostatectomy in Newly Diagnosed Metastatic Prostate Cancer Varies by PSA Level and Site of Metastasis
title_full Survival Benefit of Radical Prostatectomy in Newly Diagnosed Metastatic Prostate Cancer Varies by PSA Level and Site of Metastasis
title_fullStr Survival Benefit of Radical Prostatectomy in Newly Diagnosed Metastatic Prostate Cancer Varies by PSA Level and Site of Metastasis
title_full_unstemmed Survival Benefit of Radical Prostatectomy in Newly Diagnosed Metastatic Prostate Cancer Varies by PSA Level and Site of Metastasis
title_short Survival Benefit of Radical Prostatectomy in Newly Diagnosed Metastatic Prostate Cancer Varies by PSA Level and Site of Metastasis
title_sort survival benefit of radical prostatectomy in newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer varies by psa level and site of metastasis
topic prostate cancer
metastasis
radical prostatectomy
SEER database
cancer-specific survival
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/08941939.2025.2534579
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