Seasonal Variations in Chemical Composition and Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> L. Essential Oil from Southwestern Romania
Our study reports for the first time, over a 12-month period, the seasonal variations in chemical composition and antibacterial and antioxidant activity of <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> L. essential oil (RoEO) from Southwestern Romania (Oltenia region). To analyze the constituents of RoE...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | Applied Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/2/681 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832589268000702464 |
|---|---|
| author | Ludovic Everard Bejenaru Adina-Elena Segneanu Cornelia Bejenaru Andrei Biţă Felicia Tuţulescu Antonia Radu Maria Viorica Ciocîlteu George Dan Mogoşanu |
| author_facet | Ludovic Everard Bejenaru Adina-Elena Segneanu Cornelia Bejenaru Andrei Biţă Felicia Tuţulescu Antonia Radu Maria Viorica Ciocîlteu George Dan Mogoşanu |
| author_sort | Ludovic Everard Bejenaru |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Our study reports for the first time, over a 12-month period, the seasonal variations in chemical composition and antibacterial and antioxidant activity of <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> L. essential oil (RoEO) from Southwestern Romania (Oltenia region). To analyze the constituents of RoEO, a comprehensive gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method was employed. The analysis aimed to identify and quantify the various components by comparing their mass spectra with reference spectra from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Library 2020. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> minimum were determined using the microdilution method (96-well plates). The antioxidant activity was analyzed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-<i>bis</i>(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) radical scavenging assays. This analysis provided a detailed profile of RoEO’s constituents, revealing significant monthly variations. Key compounds, such as camphor, eucalyptol, α-pinene, camphene, and α-myrcene, were quantified, alongside lesser-studied constituents like β-pinene, α-terpinene, linalool, terpinolene, and carvacrol. Comparisons were made with a reference sample from Tunisia. Oxygenated monoterpenes reach the highest concentration (56.82–66.94%), followed by monoterpene hydrocarbons (30.06–40.28%), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (0.90–2.44%), and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (0.02–0.23%). Camphor was found in high concentrations ranging from 29.41% to 40.03%. 1,8-Cineole was another dominant compound, ranging from 13.07% to 16.16%, significantly lower compared to the Tunisian reference (52.77%). α-Pinene ranged from 11.36% to 19.33%, while α-myrcene ranged from 1.65% to 3.08%. Correlations between specific compounds and their bioactivity were explored to understand their contributions to the overall efficacy of RoEO. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into the potential applications and seasonal variability of RoEO from Romania. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-74ce7d6a7d854d07903b898c42403853 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-74ce7d6a7d854d07903b898c424038532025-01-24T13:20:26ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-01-0115268110.3390/app15020681Seasonal Variations in Chemical Composition and Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> L. Essential Oil from Southwestern RomaniaLudovic Everard Bejenaru0Adina-Elena Segneanu1Cornelia Bejenaru2Andrei Biţă3Felicia Tuţulescu4Antonia Radu5Maria Viorica Ciocîlteu6George Dan Mogoşanu7Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, RomaniaInstitute for Advanced Environmental Research, West University of Timişoara (ICAM–WUT), 4 Oituz Street, 300086 Timişoara, RomaniaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, RomaniaDepartment of Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, RomaniaDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Horticulture, University of Craiova, 13 Alexandru Ioan Cuza Street, 200585 Craiova, RomaniaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, RomaniaDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, RomaniaDepartment of Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, RomaniaOur study reports for the first time, over a 12-month period, the seasonal variations in chemical composition and antibacterial and antioxidant activity of <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> L. essential oil (RoEO) from Southwestern Romania (Oltenia region). To analyze the constituents of RoEO, a comprehensive gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method was employed. The analysis aimed to identify and quantify the various components by comparing their mass spectra with reference spectra from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Library 2020. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> minimum were determined using the microdilution method (96-well plates). The antioxidant activity was analyzed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-<i>bis</i>(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) radical scavenging assays. This analysis provided a detailed profile of RoEO’s constituents, revealing significant monthly variations. Key compounds, such as camphor, eucalyptol, α-pinene, camphene, and α-myrcene, were quantified, alongside lesser-studied constituents like β-pinene, α-terpinene, linalool, terpinolene, and carvacrol. Comparisons were made with a reference sample from Tunisia. Oxygenated monoterpenes reach the highest concentration (56.82–66.94%), followed by monoterpene hydrocarbons (30.06–40.28%), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (0.90–2.44%), and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (0.02–0.23%). Camphor was found in high concentrations ranging from 29.41% to 40.03%. 1,8-Cineole was another dominant compound, ranging from 13.07% to 16.16%, significantly lower compared to the Tunisian reference (52.77%). α-Pinene ranged from 11.36% to 19.33%, while α-myrcene ranged from 1.65% to 3.08%. Correlations between specific compounds and their bioactivity were explored to understand their contributions to the overall efficacy of RoEO. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into the potential applications and seasonal variability of RoEO from Romania.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/2/681<i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> L.Romania floraessential oilantibacterial activityantioxidant activityseasonal variations |
| spellingShingle | Ludovic Everard Bejenaru Adina-Elena Segneanu Cornelia Bejenaru Andrei Biţă Felicia Tuţulescu Antonia Radu Maria Viorica Ciocîlteu George Dan Mogoşanu Seasonal Variations in Chemical Composition and Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> L. Essential Oil from Southwestern Romania Applied Sciences <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> L. Romania flora essential oil antibacterial activity antioxidant activity seasonal variations |
| title | Seasonal Variations in Chemical Composition and Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> L. Essential Oil from Southwestern Romania |
| title_full | Seasonal Variations in Chemical Composition and Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> L. Essential Oil from Southwestern Romania |
| title_fullStr | Seasonal Variations in Chemical Composition and Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> L. Essential Oil from Southwestern Romania |
| title_full_unstemmed | Seasonal Variations in Chemical Composition and Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> L. Essential Oil from Southwestern Romania |
| title_short | Seasonal Variations in Chemical Composition and Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> L. Essential Oil from Southwestern Romania |
| title_sort | seasonal variations in chemical composition and antibacterial and antioxidant activities of i rosmarinus officinalis i l essential oil from southwestern romania |
| topic | <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> L. Romania flora essential oil antibacterial activity antioxidant activity seasonal variations |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/2/681 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ludoviceverardbejenaru seasonalvariationsinchemicalcompositionandantibacterialandantioxidantactivitiesofirosmarinusofficinalisilessentialoilfromsouthwesternromania AT adinaelenasegneanu seasonalvariationsinchemicalcompositionandantibacterialandantioxidantactivitiesofirosmarinusofficinalisilessentialoilfromsouthwesternromania AT corneliabejenaru seasonalvariationsinchemicalcompositionandantibacterialandantioxidantactivitiesofirosmarinusofficinalisilessentialoilfromsouthwesternromania AT andreibita seasonalvariationsinchemicalcompositionandantibacterialandantioxidantactivitiesofirosmarinusofficinalisilessentialoilfromsouthwesternromania AT feliciatutulescu seasonalvariationsinchemicalcompositionandantibacterialandantioxidantactivitiesofirosmarinusofficinalisilessentialoilfromsouthwesternromania AT antoniaradu seasonalvariationsinchemicalcompositionandantibacterialandantioxidantactivitiesofirosmarinusofficinalisilessentialoilfromsouthwesternromania AT mariavioricaciocilteu seasonalvariationsinchemicalcompositionandantibacterialandantioxidantactivitiesofirosmarinusofficinalisilessentialoilfromsouthwesternromania AT georgedanmogosanu seasonalvariationsinchemicalcompositionandantibacterialandantioxidantactivitiesofirosmarinusofficinalisilessentialoilfromsouthwesternromania |