The Effect of Cysteine on the Removal of Cadmium in Paddy Soil by Combination with Bioremediation and the Response of the Soil Microbial Community
Bioremediation is widely recognized as a promising and efficient approach for the elimination of Cd from contaminated paddy soils. However, the Cd removal efficacy achieved through this method remains unsatisfactory and is accompanied by a marginally higher cost. Cysteine has the potential to improv...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Emmanuel Konadu Sarkodie Kewei Li Ziwen Guo Jiejie Yang Yan Deng Jiaxin Shi Yulong Peng Yuli Jiang Huidan Jiang Hongwei Liu Yili Liang Huaqun Yin Xueduan Liu Luhua Jiang |
| author_facet | Emmanuel Konadu Sarkodie Kewei Li Ziwen Guo Jiejie Yang Yan Deng Jiaxin Shi Yulong Peng Yuli Jiang Huidan Jiang Hongwei Liu Yili Liang Huaqun Yin Xueduan Liu Luhua Jiang |
| author_sort | Emmanuel Konadu Sarkodie |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bioremediation is widely recognized as a promising and efficient approach for the elimination of Cd from contaminated paddy soils. However, the Cd removal efficacy achieved through this method remains unsatisfactory and is accompanied by a marginally higher cost. Cysteine has the potential to improve the bioleaching efficiency of Cd from soils and decrease the use cost since it is green, acidic and has a high Cd affinity. In this study, different combination modes of cysteine and microbial inoculant were designed to analyze their effects on Cd removal and the soil microbial community through the sequence extraction of Cd fraction and high-throughput sequencing. The results demonstrate that the mixture of cysteine and the microbial inoculant was the best mode for increasing the Cd removal efficiency. And a ratio of cysteine to microbial inoculant of 5 mg:2 mL in a 300 mL volume was the most economically efficient matching. The Cd removal rate increased by 7.7–15.1% in comparison with the microbial inoculant treatment. This could be ascribed to the enhanced removal rate of the exchangeable and carbonate-bound Cd, which achieved 94.6% and 96.1%, respectively. After the treatment, the contents of ammonium nitrogen (NH<sub>3</sub>–N), total phosphorus (TP), available potassium (AK), and available phosphorus (AP) in the paddy soils were increased. The treatment of combinations of cysteine and microbial inoculant had an impact on the soil microbial diversity. The relative abundances of <i>Alicyclobacillus</i>, <i>Metallibacterium</i>, and <i>Bacillus</i> were increased in the paddy soils. The microbial metabolic functions, such as replication and repair and amino acid metabolism, were also increased after treatment, which benefitted the microbial survival and adaptation to the environment. The removal of Cd was attributed to the solubilizing, complexing, and ion-exchanging effects of the cysteine, the intra- and extracellular adsorption, and the production of organic acids of functional microorganisms. Moreover, cysteine, as a carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur source, promoted the growth and metabolism of microorganisms to achieve the effect of the synergistic promotion of microbial Cd removal. Therefore, this study underscored the potential of cysteine to enhance the bioremediation performance in Cd-contaminated paddy soils, offering valuable theoretical and technical insights for this field. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-746f4c079114430b921237237488e81f |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
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| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj-art-746f4c079114430b921237237488e81f2025-01-24T13:50:58ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042024-12-011312210.3390/toxics13010022The Effect of Cysteine on the Removal of Cadmium in Paddy Soil by Combination with Bioremediation and the Response of the Soil Microbial CommunityEmmanuel Konadu Sarkodie0Kewei Li1Ziwen Guo2Jiejie Yang3Yan Deng4Jiaxin Shi5Yulong Peng6Yuli Jiang7Huidan Jiang8Hongwei Liu9Yili Liang10Huaqun Yin11Xueduan Liu12Luhua Jiang13School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaSchool of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaSchool of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaSchool of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaHunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, ChinaSchool of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaSchool of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaSchool of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaHunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, ChinaSchool of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaSchool of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaSchool of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaSchool of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaSchool of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, ChinaBioremediation is widely recognized as a promising and efficient approach for the elimination of Cd from contaminated paddy soils. However, the Cd removal efficacy achieved through this method remains unsatisfactory and is accompanied by a marginally higher cost. Cysteine has the potential to improve the bioleaching efficiency of Cd from soils and decrease the use cost since it is green, acidic and has a high Cd affinity. In this study, different combination modes of cysteine and microbial inoculant were designed to analyze their effects on Cd removal and the soil microbial community through the sequence extraction of Cd fraction and high-throughput sequencing. The results demonstrate that the mixture of cysteine and the microbial inoculant was the best mode for increasing the Cd removal efficiency. And a ratio of cysteine to microbial inoculant of 5 mg:2 mL in a 300 mL volume was the most economically efficient matching. The Cd removal rate increased by 7.7–15.1% in comparison with the microbial inoculant treatment. This could be ascribed to the enhanced removal rate of the exchangeable and carbonate-bound Cd, which achieved 94.6% and 96.1%, respectively. After the treatment, the contents of ammonium nitrogen (NH<sub>3</sub>–N), total phosphorus (TP), available potassium (AK), and available phosphorus (AP) in the paddy soils were increased. The treatment of combinations of cysteine and microbial inoculant had an impact on the soil microbial diversity. The relative abundances of <i>Alicyclobacillus</i>, <i>Metallibacterium</i>, and <i>Bacillus</i> were increased in the paddy soils. The microbial metabolic functions, such as replication and repair and amino acid metabolism, were also increased after treatment, which benefitted the microbial survival and adaptation to the environment. The removal of Cd was attributed to the solubilizing, complexing, and ion-exchanging effects of the cysteine, the intra- and extracellular adsorption, and the production of organic acids of functional microorganisms. Moreover, cysteine, as a carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur source, promoted the growth and metabolism of microorganisms to achieve the effect of the synergistic promotion of microbial Cd removal. Therefore, this study underscored the potential of cysteine to enhance the bioremediation performance in Cd-contaminated paddy soils, offering valuable theoretical and technical insights for this field.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/1/22paddy soil remediationCd pollutionbioremediationcysteinemicrobial community |
| spellingShingle | Emmanuel Konadu Sarkodie Kewei Li Ziwen Guo Jiejie Yang Yan Deng Jiaxin Shi Yulong Peng Yuli Jiang Huidan Jiang Hongwei Liu Yili Liang Huaqun Yin Xueduan Liu Luhua Jiang The Effect of Cysteine on the Removal of Cadmium in Paddy Soil by Combination with Bioremediation and the Response of the Soil Microbial Community Toxics paddy soil remediation Cd pollution bioremediation cysteine microbial community |
| title | The Effect of Cysteine on the Removal of Cadmium in Paddy Soil by Combination with Bioremediation and the Response of the Soil Microbial Community |
| title_full | The Effect of Cysteine on the Removal of Cadmium in Paddy Soil by Combination with Bioremediation and the Response of the Soil Microbial Community |
| title_fullStr | The Effect of Cysteine on the Removal of Cadmium in Paddy Soil by Combination with Bioremediation and the Response of the Soil Microbial Community |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of Cysteine on the Removal of Cadmium in Paddy Soil by Combination with Bioremediation and the Response of the Soil Microbial Community |
| title_short | The Effect of Cysteine on the Removal of Cadmium in Paddy Soil by Combination with Bioremediation and the Response of the Soil Microbial Community |
| title_sort | effect of cysteine on the removal of cadmium in paddy soil by combination with bioremediation and the response of the soil microbial community |
| topic | paddy soil remediation Cd pollution bioremediation cysteine microbial community |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/1/22 |
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