Lattice-based interpenetrating phase composite metamaterial fabricated with hybrid material extrusion process for tunable mechanical properties
Interpenetrating phase composite (IPC) is a unique type of material that may exhibit tunable mechanical and functional properties. This study introduces a novel hybrid material extrusion (MEX) technique to fabricate lattice-based IPC metamaterials. This approach aims to functionally tune mechanical...
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Elsevier
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425002169 |
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| author | Ritik Raj Jung-Ting Tsai Mayur Jiyalal Prajapati Jeng-Ywan Jeng |
| author_facet | Ritik Raj Jung-Ting Tsai Mayur Jiyalal Prajapati Jeng-Ywan Jeng |
| author_sort | Ritik Raj |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Interpenetrating phase composite (IPC) is a unique type of material that may exhibit tunable mechanical and functional properties. This study introduces a novel hybrid material extrusion (MEX) technique to fabricate lattice-based IPC metamaterials. This approach aims to functionally tune mechanical properties by incorporating diverse material phases within the lattice voids. Two different designs—sea urchin (SU) and hybrid (H) lattice were 3D printed using thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as the outer material. The lattice voids were filled with combinations of polyamide (PA)-12 powder, 316L stainless steel-based slurry, and polyurethane (PU) foam, resulting in three IPC configurations (IPC- type I: foam-powder-powder, IPC- type II: foam-slurry-powder, and IPC- type III: foam-slurry-slurry). Comprehensive static and dynamic compression tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties of the resulting IPC metamaterials. Hybrid lattice-based IPC metamaterials demonstrated superior mechanical properties compared to their SU counterparts. IPC-type I demonstrated a substantial improvement in mechanical performance, exhibiting a compressive strength up to 5 times higher and an energy absorption per unit volume up to 2.5 times greater than empty or single-phase metamaterials. Under dynamic conditions, both designs showed distinct properties in hysteresis work, tan δ, and dynamic elastic recovery (DER). The study also explores the effects of varying loading rates and frequencies on the IPC metamaterials' mechanical behavior. Overall, this study presents an innovative fabrication technique for IPC metamaterials, revealing how the strategic placement and stacking sequence of secondary materials within the primary structure significantly influences their mechanical properties. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-742b9e5f3bb2469b9ac0b5e320a38189 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2238-7854 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| spelling | doaj-art-742b9e5f3bb2469b9ac0b5e320a381892025-02-06T05:11:55ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542025-03-013529552972Lattice-based interpenetrating phase composite metamaterial fabricated with hybrid material extrusion process for tunable mechanical propertiesRitik Raj0Jung-Ting Tsai1Mayur Jiyalal Prajapati2Jeng-Ywan Jeng3Taiwan High-Speed 3D Printing Research Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROCDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROCTaiwan High-Speed 3D Printing Research Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROCTaiwan High-Speed 3D Printing Research Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC; Academy of Innovative Semiconductor and Sustainable Manufacturing, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, Dasyue Rd., Tainan City, 701, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Design, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India; The Extreme Light Infrastructure ERIC, Za Radnicí 835, Dolní Břežany, 252 41, Prague, Czech Republic; Corresponding author. Taiwan High-Speed 3D Printing Research Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC.Interpenetrating phase composite (IPC) is a unique type of material that may exhibit tunable mechanical and functional properties. This study introduces a novel hybrid material extrusion (MEX) technique to fabricate lattice-based IPC metamaterials. This approach aims to functionally tune mechanical properties by incorporating diverse material phases within the lattice voids. Two different designs—sea urchin (SU) and hybrid (H) lattice were 3D printed using thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as the outer material. The lattice voids were filled with combinations of polyamide (PA)-12 powder, 316L stainless steel-based slurry, and polyurethane (PU) foam, resulting in three IPC configurations (IPC- type I: foam-powder-powder, IPC- type II: foam-slurry-powder, and IPC- type III: foam-slurry-slurry). Comprehensive static and dynamic compression tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties of the resulting IPC metamaterials. Hybrid lattice-based IPC metamaterials demonstrated superior mechanical properties compared to their SU counterparts. IPC-type I demonstrated a substantial improvement in mechanical performance, exhibiting a compressive strength up to 5 times higher and an energy absorption per unit volume up to 2.5 times greater than empty or single-phase metamaterials. Under dynamic conditions, both designs showed distinct properties in hysteresis work, tan δ, and dynamic elastic recovery (DER). The study also explores the effects of varying loading rates and frequencies on the IPC metamaterials' mechanical behavior. Overall, this study presents an innovative fabrication technique for IPC metamaterials, revealing how the strategic placement and stacking sequence of secondary materials within the primary structure significantly influences their mechanical properties.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425002169Interpenetrating phase composite (IPC)Hybrid material extrusion (MEX)Lattice-based metamaterialsTunable mechanical properties |
| spellingShingle | Ritik Raj Jung-Ting Tsai Mayur Jiyalal Prajapati Jeng-Ywan Jeng Lattice-based interpenetrating phase composite metamaterial fabricated with hybrid material extrusion process for tunable mechanical properties Journal of Materials Research and Technology Interpenetrating phase composite (IPC) Hybrid material extrusion (MEX) Lattice-based metamaterials Tunable mechanical properties |
| title | Lattice-based interpenetrating phase composite metamaterial fabricated with hybrid material extrusion process for tunable mechanical properties |
| title_full | Lattice-based interpenetrating phase composite metamaterial fabricated with hybrid material extrusion process for tunable mechanical properties |
| title_fullStr | Lattice-based interpenetrating phase composite metamaterial fabricated with hybrid material extrusion process for tunable mechanical properties |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lattice-based interpenetrating phase composite metamaterial fabricated with hybrid material extrusion process for tunable mechanical properties |
| title_short | Lattice-based interpenetrating phase composite metamaterial fabricated with hybrid material extrusion process for tunable mechanical properties |
| title_sort | lattice based interpenetrating phase composite metamaterial fabricated with hybrid material extrusion process for tunable mechanical properties |
| topic | Interpenetrating phase composite (IPC) Hybrid material extrusion (MEX) Lattice-based metamaterials Tunable mechanical properties |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425002169 |
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