Structural Characterization of Foxtail Millet (<i>Setaria italica</i>) Polysaccharides and Evaluation of Its Antioxidant and Immunostimulatory Activities
A water-soluble polysaccharide from foxtail millet (FM-D1) was isolated and purified through gradient ethanol precipitation and column chromatography. Size-Exclusion Chromatography–Multi-Angle Light Scattering–Refractive Index (SEC-MALLS-RI) and high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC)...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/1/113 |
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| Summary: | A water-soluble polysaccharide from foxtail millet (FM-D1) was isolated and purified through gradient ethanol precipitation and column chromatography. Size-Exclusion Chromatography–Multi-Angle Light Scattering–Refractive Index (SEC-MALLS-RI) and high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) analyses revealed that FM-D1 constitutes a highly purified neutral polysaccharide exclusively composed of glucose as the sugar unit, with a molecular weight of 14.823 kDa. The structural characterization results obtained from gas chromatography–mass spectrometer (GC–MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) spectra suggest that FM-D1 primarily consists of a main chain linked by →4)-α-D-Glc<i>p</i>-(1→ and minor quantities of →4,6)-α-D-Glc<i>p</i>-(1→ to form the main chain, with branching mainly composed of α-D-Glc<i>p</i>-(1→ attached to the <i>O</i>-6 position of →4,6)-α-D-Glc<i>p</i>-(1→ sugar residues. Based on these findings, the antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities of FM-D1 were evaluated in vitro. The results indicated that FM-D1 exhibited moderate 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) radical scavenging capacity and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC). Furthermore, FM-D1 stimulated macrophage proliferation and inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 246.7 cells. Overall, the findings of this study suggest that foxtail millet holds promise as a potential antioxidant agent and immunologic substance in functional foods. |
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| ISSN: | 2076-3921 |