Effect of Post-Processing on the Microstructure of WE43 Magnesium Alloy Fabricated by Laser Powder Directed Energy Deposition
Additive manufacturing of magnesium (Mg) alloys is of interest for the fabrication of complex-shaped lightweight materials. This study evaluates the microstructure of WE43 Mg alloy deposited using laser powder directed energy deposition (LPDED) additive manufacturing technique in as-deposited and po...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Leila Sorkhi Nathan J. Madden Grant A. Crawford |
| author_facet | Leila Sorkhi Nathan J. Madden Grant A. Crawford |
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| description | Additive manufacturing of magnesium (Mg) alloys is of interest for the fabrication of complex-shaped lightweight materials. This study evaluates the microstructure of WE43 Mg alloy deposited using laser powder directed energy deposition (LPDED) additive manufacturing technique in as-deposited and post-processed conditions. As-deposited samples exhibited roughly 2% porosity, which was reduced to below 0.1% after hot isostatic pressing. Despite limited grain growth after heat treatment, some grains experienced abnormal grain growth, likely due to Zener pinning and non-uniform dissolution of grain boundary precipitates. Moreover, as-deposited specimens contained Nd-rich grain boundary precipitates which dissolved during post-processing. Additionally, during heat treatment. a fine distribution of needle-like β1 or β precipitates formed. Overall, the precipitate size and distribution following heat treatment was non-uniform, likely because of the non-uniform response of the LPDED material to heat treatment, owing to the variation in local- and global-temperature profiles during deposition. Furthermore, arc-shaped phases with a high concentration of Y, O, and Zr were present for all processing conditions and are associated with the passivation of the feedstock powder prior to deposition. Moreover, an equiaxed-grain structure with a random orientation and a finer grain size in the regions adjacent to the arc-shaped phases was observed in all processing conditions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-741016a28d8b406db0061656abec25e6 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2504-4494 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
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| series | Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing |
| spelling | doaj-art-741016a28d8b406db0061656abec25e62025-01-24T13:36:24ZengMDPI AGJournal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing2504-44942024-12-0191310.3390/jmmp9010003Effect of Post-Processing on the Microstructure of WE43 Magnesium Alloy Fabricated by Laser Powder Directed Energy DepositionLeila Sorkhi0Nathan J. Madden1Grant A. Crawford2Arbegast Materials Processing and Joining Laboratory, South Dakota School of Mines & Technology, 501 E. Saint Joseph St., Rapid City, SD 57701, USAArbegast Materials Processing and Joining Laboratory, South Dakota School of Mines & Technology, 501 E. Saint Joseph St., Rapid City, SD 57701, USAArbegast Materials Processing and Joining Laboratory, South Dakota School of Mines & Technology, 501 E. Saint Joseph St., Rapid City, SD 57701, USAAdditive manufacturing of magnesium (Mg) alloys is of interest for the fabrication of complex-shaped lightweight materials. This study evaluates the microstructure of WE43 Mg alloy deposited using laser powder directed energy deposition (LPDED) additive manufacturing technique in as-deposited and post-processed conditions. As-deposited samples exhibited roughly 2% porosity, which was reduced to below 0.1% after hot isostatic pressing. Despite limited grain growth after heat treatment, some grains experienced abnormal grain growth, likely due to Zener pinning and non-uniform dissolution of grain boundary precipitates. Moreover, as-deposited specimens contained Nd-rich grain boundary precipitates which dissolved during post-processing. Additionally, during heat treatment. a fine distribution of needle-like β1 or β precipitates formed. Overall, the precipitate size and distribution following heat treatment was non-uniform, likely because of the non-uniform response of the LPDED material to heat treatment, owing to the variation in local- and global-temperature profiles during deposition. Furthermore, arc-shaped phases with a high concentration of Y, O, and Zr were present for all processing conditions and are associated with the passivation of the feedstock powder prior to deposition. Moreover, an equiaxed-grain structure with a random orientation and a finer grain size in the regions adjacent to the arc-shaped phases was observed in all processing conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-4494/9/1/3additive manufacturinglaser powder directed energy depositionmagnesiummicrostructurepost-processing |
| spellingShingle | Leila Sorkhi Nathan J. Madden Grant A. Crawford Effect of Post-Processing on the Microstructure of WE43 Magnesium Alloy Fabricated by Laser Powder Directed Energy Deposition Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing additive manufacturing laser powder directed energy deposition magnesium microstructure post-processing |
| title | Effect of Post-Processing on the Microstructure of WE43 Magnesium Alloy Fabricated by Laser Powder Directed Energy Deposition |
| title_full | Effect of Post-Processing on the Microstructure of WE43 Magnesium Alloy Fabricated by Laser Powder Directed Energy Deposition |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Post-Processing on the Microstructure of WE43 Magnesium Alloy Fabricated by Laser Powder Directed Energy Deposition |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Post-Processing on the Microstructure of WE43 Magnesium Alloy Fabricated by Laser Powder Directed Energy Deposition |
| title_short | Effect of Post-Processing on the Microstructure of WE43 Magnesium Alloy Fabricated by Laser Powder Directed Energy Deposition |
| title_sort | effect of post processing on the microstructure of we43 magnesium alloy fabricated by laser powder directed energy deposition |
| topic | additive manufacturing laser powder directed energy deposition magnesium microstructure post-processing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-4494/9/1/3 |
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