Sequence of episodic memory-related behavioral and brain-imaging abnormalities in type 2 diabetes
Abstract Background Episodic memory decline is a common complication of type 2 diabetes (T2D). To comprehensively explore the neural mechanisms underlying it, we aimed to explore the sequence that episodic memory-related behavioral and brain-imaging biomarkers appear abnormal in the progression of T...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Publishing Group
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Nutrition & Diabetes |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41387-025-00359-w |
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| author | Bo Hu Ying Yu Xin-Wen Yu Min-Hua Ni Yan-Yan Cui Xin-Yu Cao Ai-Li Yang Yu-Xin Jin Sheng-Ru Liang Si-Ning Li Pan Dai Ke Wu Lin-Feng Yan Bin Gao Guang-Bin Cui |
| author_facet | Bo Hu Ying Yu Xin-Wen Yu Min-Hua Ni Yan-Yan Cui Xin-Yu Cao Ai-Li Yang Yu-Xin Jin Sheng-Ru Liang Si-Ning Li Pan Dai Ke Wu Lin-Feng Yan Bin Gao Guang-Bin Cui |
| author_sort | Bo Hu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Episodic memory decline is a common complication of type 2 diabetes (T2D). To comprehensively explore the neural mechanisms underlying it, we aimed to explore the sequence that episodic memory-related behavioral and brain-imaging biomarkers appear abnormal in the progression of T2D. Methods We enrolled 62 healthy controls and 110 patients with T2D. The California Verbal Learning Test, Montreal cognitive assessment, and Stroop color word test was used to assess the episodic memory, general cognitive function, and executive function. Principal component analysis was applied to extract behavioral biomarkers. Imaging biomarkers included structural and functional MRI features of the entorhinal cortex-hippocampus and hippocampus-anterior cingulate cortex pathways. We used a novel discriminative event-based model to determine the sequence that memory-related biomarkers appear abnormal and estimate the stage of memory decline. Results T2D patients exhibited poorer memory, general cognitive function, and executive function compared to healthy controls after controlling age, sex, and education level. In the progression of T2D, functional interaction between brain regions showed abnormalities first, followed by memory tests, the cerebral spontaneous neural activity, and finally the gray matter volume. Besides, abnormalities appeared earlier in the entorhinal cortex than in the anterior cingulate cortex. Later stage of memory decline was distributed in older patients with T2D and was associated with higher systolic blood pressure, postprandial blood glucose, and low-density lipoprotein. Conclusions In T2D, behavioral and brain imaging biomarkers of episodic memory appear abnormal in a specific sequence, and the stage of memory decline was closely associated with old age and vascular risk factors. Clinical Trial Registration NCT02420470, ClinicalTrials.gov ( https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ ). |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-73ff5c71ae22434d920ef770b5244538 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2044-4052 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Nature Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrition & Diabetes |
| spelling | doaj-art-73ff5c71ae22434d920ef770b52445382025-02-02T12:48:33ZengNature Publishing GroupNutrition & Diabetes2044-40522025-02-011511910.1038/s41387-025-00359-wSequence of episodic memory-related behavioral and brain-imaging abnormalities in type 2 diabetesBo Hu0Ying Yu1Xin-Wen Yu2Min-Hua Ni3Yan-Yan Cui4Xin-Yu Cao5Ai-Li Yang6Yu-Xin Jin7Sheng-Ru Liang8Si-Ning Li9Pan Dai10Ke Wu11Lin-Feng Yan12Bin Gao13Guang-Bin Cui14Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University)Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University)Department of Endocrinology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University)Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University)Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University)Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University)Department of Endocrinology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University)Department of Endocrinology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University)Department of Endocrinology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University)Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University)Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University)Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University)Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University)Department of Endocrinology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University)Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University)Abstract Background Episodic memory decline is a common complication of type 2 diabetes (T2D). To comprehensively explore the neural mechanisms underlying it, we aimed to explore the sequence that episodic memory-related behavioral and brain-imaging biomarkers appear abnormal in the progression of T2D. Methods We enrolled 62 healthy controls and 110 patients with T2D. The California Verbal Learning Test, Montreal cognitive assessment, and Stroop color word test was used to assess the episodic memory, general cognitive function, and executive function. Principal component analysis was applied to extract behavioral biomarkers. Imaging biomarkers included structural and functional MRI features of the entorhinal cortex-hippocampus and hippocampus-anterior cingulate cortex pathways. We used a novel discriminative event-based model to determine the sequence that memory-related biomarkers appear abnormal and estimate the stage of memory decline. Results T2D patients exhibited poorer memory, general cognitive function, and executive function compared to healthy controls after controlling age, sex, and education level. In the progression of T2D, functional interaction between brain regions showed abnormalities first, followed by memory tests, the cerebral spontaneous neural activity, and finally the gray matter volume. Besides, abnormalities appeared earlier in the entorhinal cortex than in the anterior cingulate cortex. Later stage of memory decline was distributed in older patients with T2D and was associated with higher systolic blood pressure, postprandial blood glucose, and low-density lipoprotein. Conclusions In T2D, behavioral and brain imaging biomarkers of episodic memory appear abnormal in a specific sequence, and the stage of memory decline was closely associated with old age and vascular risk factors. Clinical Trial Registration NCT02420470, ClinicalTrials.gov ( https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ ).https://doi.org/10.1038/s41387-025-00359-w |
| spellingShingle | Bo Hu Ying Yu Xin-Wen Yu Min-Hua Ni Yan-Yan Cui Xin-Yu Cao Ai-Li Yang Yu-Xin Jin Sheng-Ru Liang Si-Ning Li Pan Dai Ke Wu Lin-Feng Yan Bin Gao Guang-Bin Cui Sequence of episodic memory-related behavioral and brain-imaging abnormalities in type 2 diabetes Nutrition & Diabetes |
| title | Sequence of episodic memory-related behavioral and brain-imaging abnormalities in type 2 diabetes |
| title_full | Sequence of episodic memory-related behavioral and brain-imaging abnormalities in type 2 diabetes |
| title_fullStr | Sequence of episodic memory-related behavioral and brain-imaging abnormalities in type 2 diabetes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sequence of episodic memory-related behavioral and brain-imaging abnormalities in type 2 diabetes |
| title_short | Sequence of episodic memory-related behavioral and brain-imaging abnormalities in type 2 diabetes |
| title_sort | sequence of episodic memory related behavioral and brain imaging abnormalities in type 2 diabetes |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41387-025-00359-w |
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