Characterization of Two Historical Postage Stamps Made from Cotton Fibers and Their Restoration Trials Based on the Experimental Studies
Ancient stamps are suffering from the destructive effects of different kinds of inks that were prepared from different ingredients. Two Egyptian historical postage stamps printed in blue and red printing inks were evaluated and examined for their composition using a light microscope, SEM-EDS, FTIR,...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2021-01-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Chemistry |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4162311 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832552571800125440 |
|---|---|
| author | Maisa M.A. Mansour Yassin E. Zidan Abou El Fettouh A Abd El Hakim Mohamed Mahmoud Allam Hayssam M. Ali Mohammad Akrami Mohamed Z. M. Salem |
| author_facet | Maisa M.A. Mansour Yassin E. Zidan Abou El Fettouh A Abd El Hakim Mohamed Mahmoud Allam Hayssam M. Ali Mohammad Akrami Mohamed Z. M. Salem |
| author_sort | Maisa M.A. Mansour |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ancient stamps are suffering from the destructive effects of different kinds of inks that were prepared from different ingredients. Two Egyptian historical postage stamps printed in blue and red printing inks were evaluated and examined for their composition using a light microscope, SEM-EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopic analyses. Mechanical, chemical, and deacidification treatments were done for the two stamps. Model stamps were made from the cotton pulp in the book house to simulate historical stamp paper with an average thickness of 11 microns. The unprinted and printed paper samples with printing inks that aged and unaged were treated with 0.7% Klucel G, 0.2% TiO2 NP, or a mixture of 0.7% Klucel G + 0.2% TiO2 NP, and the color change was measured and compared with the blank samples. The two stamps are suffering from high pH, where the margin color of the stamps changed to yellow-brown with weakness of the stamp paper. By SEM examination, stamps have suffered from fibers’ weakness and dryness resulting from the self-oxidation reactions. EDS elemental composition of the red stamp showed the presence of C, O, Na, Al, Si, Mg, S, Ca, Ba, and Fe, while in the blue stamp, it was C, O, Na, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, and Ca. Raman spectrometer wavelengths turn out that the blueprinting ink of the stamp was characterized with spectra of ultramarine blue (lazurite), while hematite was characterized by the red stamp. FTIR analysis for the printing inks identified that gum Arabic sample and linseed oil were the binding and color medium, respectively. From the model trials, it was observed that the treatment of a mixture of Klucel G and TiO2 NP had the best properties for the consolidation of stamps. The two historical stamps were documented through different spectroscopic analyses, and from the restoration trials, it was observed that the mixture of 7% Klucel G + 0.2% TiO2 NP appeared to be a new and effective method for recovering the historical postage stamps. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-732d8639189e4d2596959ef5aee776e5 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-9071 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj-art-732d8639189e4d2596959ef5aee776e52025-02-03T05:58:23ZengWileyJournal of Chemistry2090-90712021-01-01202110.1155/2021/4162311Characterization of Two Historical Postage Stamps Made from Cotton Fibers and Their Restoration Trials Based on the Experimental StudiesMaisa M.A. Mansour0Yassin E. Zidan1Abou El Fettouh A Abd El Hakim2Mohamed Mahmoud Allam3Hayssam M. Ali4Mohammad Akrami5Mohamed Z. M. Salem6Conservation DepartmentConservation DepartmentPolymer Chemistry and Technology DepartmentManuscript Restoration DepartmentBotany and Microbiology DepartmentDepartment of EngineeringForestry and Wood Technology DepartmentAncient stamps are suffering from the destructive effects of different kinds of inks that were prepared from different ingredients. Two Egyptian historical postage stamps printed in blue and red printing inks were evaluated and examined for their composition using a light microscope, SEM-EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopic analyses. Mechanical, chemical, and deacidification treatments were done for the two stamps. Model stamps were made from the cotton pulp in the book house to simulate historical stamp paper with an average thickness of 11 microns. The unprinted and printed paper samples with printing inks that aged and unaged were treated with 0.7% Klucel G, 0.2% TiO2 NP, or a mixture of 0.7% Klucel G + 0.2% TiO2 NP, and the color change was measured and compared with the blank samples. The two stamps are suffering from high pH, where the margin color of the stamps changed to yellow-brown with weakness of the stamp paper. By SEM examination, stamps have suffered from fibers’ weakness and dryness resulting from the self-oxidation reactions. EDS elemental composition of the red stamp showed the presence of C, O, Na, Al, Si, Mg, S, Ca, Ba, and Fe, while in the blue stamp, it was C, O, Na, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, and Ca. Raman spectrometer wavelengths turn out that the blueprinting ink of the stamp was characterized with spectra of ultramarine blue (lazurite), while hematite was characterized by the red stamp. FTIR analysis for the printing inks identified that gum Arabic sample and linseed oil were the binding and color medium, respectively. From the model trials, it was observed that the treatment of a mixture of Klucel G and TiO2 NP had the best properties for the consolidation of stamps. The two historical stamps were documented through different spectroscopic analyses, and from the restoration trials, it was observed that the mixture of 7% Klucel G + 0.2% TiO2 NP appeared to be a new and effective method for recovering the historical postage stamps.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4162311 |
| spellingShingle | Maisa M.A. Mansour Yassin E. Zidan Abou El Fettouh A Abd El Hakim Mohamed Mahmoud Allam Hayssam M. Ali Mohammad Akrami Mohamed Z. M. Salem Characterization of Two Historical Postage Stamps Made from Cotton Fibers and Their Restoration Trials Based on the Experimental Studies Journal of Chemistry |
| title | Characterization of Two Historical Postage Stamps Made from Cotton Fibers and Their Restoration Trials Based on the Experimental Studies |
| title_full | Characterization of Two Historical Postage Stamps Made from Cotton Fibers and Their Restoration Trials Based on the Experimental Studies |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of Two Historical Postage Stamps Made from Cotton Fibers and Their Restoration Trials Based on the Experimental Studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of Two Historical Postage Stamps Made from Cotton Fibers and Their Restoration Trials Based on the Experimental Studies |
| title_short | Characterization of Two Historical Postage Stamps Made from Cotton Fibers and Their Restoration Trials Based on the Experimental Studies |
| title_sort | characterization of two historical postage stamps made from cotton fibers and their restoration trials based on the experimental studies |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4162311 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT maisamamansour characterizationoftwohistoricalpostagestampsmadefromcottonfibersandtheirrestorationtrialsbasedontheexperimentalstudies AT yassinezidan characterizationoftwohistoricalpostagestampsmadefromcottonfibersandtheirrestorationtrialsbasedontheexperimentalstudies AT abouelfettouhaabdelhakim characterizationoftwohistoricalpostagestampsmadefromcottonfibersandtheirrestorationtrialsbasedontheexperimentalstudies AT mohamedmahmoudallam characterizationoftwohistoricalpostagestampsmadefromcottonfibersandtheirrestorationtrialsbasedontheexperimentalstudies AT hayssammali characterizationoftwohistoricalpostagestampsmadefromcottonfibersandtheirrestorationtrialsbasedontheexperimentalstudies AT mohammadakrami characterizationoftwohistoricalpostagestampsmadefromcottonfibersandtheirrestorationtrialsbasedontheexperimentalstudies AT mohamedzmsalem characterizationoftwohistoricalpostagestampsmadefromcottonfibersandtheirrestorationtrialsbasedontheexperimentalstudies |