Plexin C1 Marks Liver Cancer Cells with Epithelial Phenotype and Is Overexpressed in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Background and Aims. Hepatocellular carcinoma is an aggressive malignancy of the liver and is ranked as the sixth most common cancer worldwide. There is still room for novel markers to improve the diagnosis and monitoring of HCC. Our observations in cancer databases that PLXNC1 is upregulated in HCC...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2018-01-01
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| Series: | Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4040787 |
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| author | Gorkem Odabas Metin Cetin Serdar Turhal Huseyin Baloglu A. Emre Sayan Tamer Yagci |
| author_facet | Gorkem Odabas Metin Cetin Serdar Turhal Huseyin Baloglu A. Emre Sayan Tamer Yagci |
| author_sort | Gorkem Odabas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background and Aims. Hepatocellular carcinoma is an aggressive malignancy of the liver and is ranked as the sixth most common cancer worldwide. There is still room for novel markers to improve the diagnosis and monitoring of HCC. Our observations in cancer databases that PLXNC1 is upregulated in HCC led us to investigate the expression profile of Plexin C1 mRNA and protein in HCC cell lines and tissues. Methods. A recombinant protein encompassing part of the extracellular domain of Plexin C1 was used as an antigen for monoclonal antibody development. Transcript and protein levels of Plexin C1 in HCC cell lines were determined by RT-qPCR and Western blotting, respectively. In vivo evaluation of Plexin C1 expression in HCC tissues was accomplished by immunohistochemistry studies in tissue microarrays. Results. A monoclonal antibody, clone PE4, specific to Plexin C1, was generated. In silico and in vitro analyses revealed a Plexin C1-based clustering of well-differentiated HCC cell lines. Staining of HCC and nontumoral liver tissues with PE4 showed a membrane-localized overexpression of Plexin C1 in tumors (p=0.0118). In addition, this expression was correlated with the histological grades of HCC cases. Conclusions. Plexin C1 distinguishes HCC cells of epithelial characteristics from those with the mesenchymal phenotype. Compared to the nontumoral liver, HCC tissues significantly overexpress Plexin C1. The newly generated PE4 antibody can be evaluated in larger HCC cohorts and might be exploited for the examination of Plexin C1 expression pattern in other epithelial malignancies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-731dd873770f40cc9c6c2cdab222e648 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2291-2789 2291-2797 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2018-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology |
| spelling | doaj-art-731dd873770f40cc9c6c2cdab222e6482025-02-03T05:50:53ZengWileyCanadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology2291-27892291-27972018-01-01201810.1155/2018/40407874040787Plexin C1 Marks Liver Cancer Cells with Epithelial Phenotype and Is Overexpressed in Hepatocellular CarcinomaGorkem Odabas0Metin Cetin1Serdar Turhal2Huseyin Baloglu3A. Emre Sayan4Tamer Yagci5Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, 41400, TurkeyDepartment of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, 41400, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Oncology, Anadolu Medical Center, Gebze-Kocaeli, 41400, TurkeyDepartment of Pathology, Anadolu Medical Center, Gebze-Kocaeli, 41400, TurkeyFaculty of Medicine, Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UKDepartment of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, 41400, TurkeyBackground and Aims. Hepatocellular carcinoma is an aggressive malignancy of the liver and is ranked as the sixth most common cancer worldwide. There is still room for novel markers to improve the diagnosis and monitoring of HCC. Our observations in cancer databases that PLXNC1 is upregulated in HCC led us to investigate the expression profile of Plexin C1 mRNA and protein in HCC cell lines and tissues. Methods. A recombinant protein encompassing part of the extracellular domain of Plexin C1 was used as an antigen for monoclonal antibody development. Transcript and protein levels of Plexin C1 in HCC cell lines were determined by RT-qPCR and Western blotting, respectively. In vivo evaluation of Plexin C1 expression in HCC tissues was accomplished by immunohistochemistry studies in tissue microarrays. Results. A monoclonal antibody, clone PE4, specific to Plexin C1, was generated. In silico and in vitro analyses revealed a Plexin C1-based clustering of well-differentiated HCC cell lines. Staining of HCC and nontumoral liver tissues with PE4 showed a membrane-localized overexpression of Plexin C1 in tumors (p=0.0118). In addition, this expression was correlated with the histological grades of HCC cases. Conclusions. Plexin C1 distinguishes HCC cells of epithelial characteristics from those with the mesenchymal phenotype. Compared to the nontumoral liver, HCC tissues significantly overexpress Plexin C1. The newly generated PE4 antibody can be evaluated in larger HCC cohorts and might be exploited for the examination of Plexin C1 expression pattern in other epithelial malignancies.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4040787 |
| spellingShingle | Gorkem Odabas Metin Cetin Serdar Turhal Huseyin Baloglu A. Emre Sayan Tamer Yagci Plexin C1 Marks Liver Cancer Cells with Epithelial Phenotype and Is Overexpressed in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology |
| title | Plexin C1 Marks Liver Cancer Cells with Epithelial Phenotype and Is Overexpressed in Hepatocellular Carcinoma |
| title_full | Plexin C1 Marks Liver Cancer Cells with Epithelial Phenotype and Is Overexpressed in Hepatocellular Carcinoma |
| title_fullStr | Plexin C1 Marks Liver Cancer Cells with Epithelial Phenotype and Is Overexpressed in Hepatocellular Carcinoma |
| title_full_unstemmed | Plexin C1 Marks Liver Cancer Cells with Epithelial Phenotype and Is Overexpressed in Hepatocellular Carcinoma |
| title_short | Plexin C1 Marks Liver Cancer Cells with Epithelial Phenotype and Is Overexpressed in Hepatocellular Carcinoma |
| title_sort | plexin c1 marks liver cancer cells with epithelial phenotype and is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4040787 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT gorkemodabas plexinc1markslivercancercellswithepithelialphenotypeandisoverexpressedinhepatocellularcarcinoma AT metincetin plexinc1markslivercancercellswithepithelialphenotypeandisoverexpressedinhepatocellularcarcinoma AT serdarturhal plexinc1markslivercancercellswithepithelialphenotypeandisoverexpressedinhepatocellularcarcinoma AT huseyinbaloglu plexinc1markslivercancercellswithepithelialphenotypeandisoverexpressedinhepatocellularcarcinoma AT aemresayan plexinc1markslivercancercellswithepithelialphenotypeandisoverexpressedinhepatocellularcarcinoma AT tameryagci plexinc1markslivercancercellswithepithelialphenotypeandisoverexpressedinhepatocellularcarcinoma |