The Effects of Biomass Materials and Nitrogen Application on the Composition of the Microbial Community in Moderately Saline Soils
[Objective] Soil microorganisms are the most active parts in soil and are sensitive to soil additives. This study aimed to clarify the impacts of the addition of biomass materials (corn straw and biochar) and nitrogen application on the compositions of the soil microbial community in moderately sali...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/1/114 |
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| author | Chunyan Yin Hu Liu Ju Zhao Liang Feng Shuchun Guo Yu Li Xiaoqi Li |
| author_facet | Chunyan Yin Hu Liu Ju Zhao Liang Feng Shuchun Guo Yu Li Xiaoqi Li |
| author_sort | Chunyan Yin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | [Objective] Soil microorganisms are the most active parts in soil and are sensitive to soil additives. This study aimed to clarify the impacts of the addition of biomass materials (corn straw and biochar) and nitrogen application on the compositions of the soil microbial community in moderately saline soils (salt content was 0.4%). [Method] Indoor constant-temperature cultivation experiments were conducted to study the effects of biomass materials and nitrogen application on the microbial diversity and community structure in moderately saline soils. This experiment had a two-way factorial design, with the biomass materials and nitrogen application rates as the treatments. The biomass materials included no addition of biomass materials as a control (C0), corn straw (C1, 0.64 g/pot), and biochar (C2, 0.85 g/pot), and the nitrogen application rates included 0 g N (N0), 0.015 g N (N1), and 0.03 g N (N2). There were nine treatments, as follows: C0N0, C0N1, C0N2, C1N0, C1N1, C1N2, C2N0, C2N1, and C2N2. [Results] (1) The different biomass materials and nitrogen application levels significantly influenced the α-diversity and composition of the bacterial community. At the initial stage of cultivation, the soil bacterial diversity was relatively high, and it significantly decreased after 35 days of cultivation. Moreover, the improvement of the bacterial community structure by the biochar treatment was better than that of corn straw. After 35 days of cultivation, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes in the soil significantly increased, while the relative abundance of Gemmatimonadete, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Patescibacteria significantly decreased. Ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and nitrate reductase were the main environmental factors affecting the bacterial community. (2) The different biomass materials and nitrogen treatments significantly affected the richness of the fungal communities. The fungal richness index significantly increased after adding the corn straw and biochar treatments, and the addition of corn straw promoted an increase in the beneficial bacterial abundance in the moderately saline soil. Soil nitrate reductase and ammonium nitrogen were the main environmental factors affecting the fungal community. [Conclusions] In summary, biomass materials and nitrogen application can effectively increase the diversity of soil microbial communities and optimize the structure of microbial communities, thereby ameliorating the ecosystem health of moderately saline soil. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-730b423e7667400bbfa7dbcaafb67f2e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj-art-730b423e7667400bbfa7dbcaafb67f2e2025-01-24T13:16:47ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952025-01-0115111410.3390/agronomy15010114The Effects of Biomass Materials and Nitrogen Application on the Composition of the Microbial Community in Moderately Saline SoilsChunyan Yin0Hu Liu1Ju Zhao2Liang Feng3Shuchun Guo4Yu Li5Xiaoqi Li6Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010030, ChinaInstitute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area, Ministry of Water Resources & China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Hohhot 010028, ChinaInner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010030, ChinaInner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010030, ChinaInner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010030, ChinaInner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010030, ChinaInner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010030, China[Objective] Soil microorganisms are the most active parts in soil and are sensitive to soil additives. This study aimed to clarify the impacts of the addition of biomass materials (corn straw and biochar) and nitrogen application on the compositions of the soil microbial community in moderately saline soils (salt content was 0.4%). [Method] Indoor constant-temperature cultivation experiments were conducted to study the effects of biomass materials and nitrogen application on the microbial diversity and community structure in moderately saline soils. This experiment had a two-way factorial design, with the biomass materials and nitrogen application rates as the treatments. The biomass materials included no addition of biomass materials as a control (C0), corn straw (C1, 0.64 g/pot), and biochar (C2, 0.85 g/pot), and the nitrogen application rates included 0 g N (N0), 0.015 g N (N1), and 0.03 g N (N2). There were nine treatments, as follows: C0N0, C0N1, C0N2, C1N0, C1N1, C1N2, C2N0, C2N1, and C2N2. [Results] (1) The different biomass materials and nitrogen application levels significantly influenced the α-diversity and composition of the bacterial community. At the initial stage of cultivation, the soil bacterial diversity was relatively high, and it significantly decreased after 35 days of cultivation. Moreover, the improvement of the bacterial community structure by the biochar treatment was better than that of corn straw. After 35 days of cultivation, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes in the soil significantly increased, while the relative abundance of Gemmatimonadete, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, Planctomycetes, and Patescibacteria significantly decreased. Ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and nitrate reductase were the main environmental factors affecting the bacterial community. (2) The different biomass materials and nitrogen treatments significantly affected the richness of the fungal communities. The fungal richness index significantly increased after adding the corn straw and biochar treatments, and the addition of corn straw promoted an increase in the beneficial bacterial abundance in the moderately saline soil. Soil nitrate reductase and ammonium nitrogen were the main environmental factors affecting the fungal community. [Conclusions] In summary, biomass materials and nitrogen application can effectively increase the diversity of soil microbial communities and optimize the structure of microbial communities, thereby ameliorating the ecosystem health of moderately saline soil.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/1/114biomass materialsnitrogenmicrobial diversitymicrobial community structuremoderately saline soils |
| spellingShingle | Chunyan Yin Hu Liu Ju Zhao Liang Feng Shuchun Guo Yu Li Xiaoqi Li The Effects of Biomass Materials and Nitrogen Application on the Composition of the Microbial Community in Moderately Saline Soils Agronomy biomass materials nitrogen microbial diversity microbial community structure moderately saline soils |
| title | The Effects of Biomass Materials and Nitrogen Application on the Composition of the Microbial Community in Moderately Saline Soils |
| title_full | The Effects of Biomass Materials and Nitrogen Application on the Composition of the Microbial Community in Moderately Saline Soils |
| title_fullStr | The Effects of Biomass Materials and Nitrogen Application on the Composition of the Microbial Community in Moderately Saline Soils |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effects of Biomass Materials and Nitrogen Application on the Composition of the Microbial Community in Moderately Saline Soils |
| title_short | The Effects of Biomass Materials and Nitrogen Application on the Composition of the Microbial Community in Moderately Saline Soils |
| title_sort | effects of biomass materials and nitrogen application on the composition of the microbial community in moderately saline soils |
| topic | biomass materials nitrogen microbial diversity microbial community structure moderately saline soils |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/1/114 |
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