Involvement of transposable elements in neurogenesis
The article is about the role of transposons in the regulation of functioning of neuronal stem cells and mature neurons of the human brain. Starting from the first division of the zygote, embryonic development is governed by regular activations of transposable elements, which are necessary for the s...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Vavilov Society of Geneticists and Breeders
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции |
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| Online Access: | https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2550 |
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| author | R. N. Mustafin E. K. Khusnutdinova |
| author_facet | R. N. Mustafin E. K. Khusnutdinova |
| author_sort | R. N. Mustafin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The article is about the role of transposons in the regulation of functioning of neuronal stem cells and mature neurons of the human brain. Starting from the first division of the zygote, embryonic development is governed by regular activations of transposable elements, which are necessary for the sequential regulation of the expression of genes specific for each cell type. These processes include differentiation of neuronal stem cells, which requires the finest tuning of expression of neuron genes in various regions of the brain. Therefore, in the hippocampus, the center of human neurogenesis, the highest transposon activity has been identified, which causes somatic mosai cism of cells during the formation of specific brain structures. Similar data were obtained in studies on experimental animals. Mobile genetic elements are the most important sources of long non-coding RNAs that are coexpressed with important brain protein-coding genes. Significant activity of long non-coding RNA was detected in the hippocampus, which confirms the role of transposons in the regulation of brain function. MicroRNAs, many of which arise from transposon transcripts, also play an important role in regulating the differentiation of neuronal stem cells. Therefore, transposons, through their own processed transcripts, take an active part in the epigenetic regulation of differentiation of neurons. The global regulatory role of transposons in the human brain is due to the emergence of protein-coding genes in evolution by their exonization, duplication and domestication. These genes are involved in an epigenetic regulatory network with the participation of transposons, since they contain nucleotide sequences complementary to miRNA and long non-coding RNA formed from transposons. In the memory formation, the role of the exchange of virus-like mRNA with the help of the Arc protein of endogenous retroviruses HERV between neurons has been revealed. A possible mechanism for the implementation of this mechanism may be reverse transcription of mRNA and site-specific insertion into the genome with a regulatory effect on the genes involved in the memory. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-72f0c074993240b39091d5752e6b824e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2500-3259 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Vavilov Society of Geneticists and Breeders |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции |
| spelling | doaj-art-72f0c074993240b39091d5752e6b824e2025-02-01T09:58:08ZengSiberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Vavilov Society of Geneticists and BreedersВавиловский журнал генетики и селекции2500-32592020-04-0124220921810.18699/VJ20.6131044Involvement of transposable elements in neurogenesisR. N. Mustafin0E. K. Khusnutdinova1Bashkir State Medical UniversityInstitute of Biochemistry and Genetics – Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of SciencesThe article is about the role of transposons in the regulation of functioning of neuronal stem cells and mature neurons of the human brain. Starting from the first division of the zygote, embryonic development is governed by regular activations of transposable elements, which are necessary for the sequential regulation of the expression of genes specific for each cell type. These processes include differentiation of neuronal stem cells, which requires the finest tuning of expression of neuron genes in various regions of the brain. Therefore, in the hippocampus, the center of human neurogenesis, the highest transposon activity has been identified, which causes somatic mosai cism of cells during the formation of specific brain structures. Similar data were obtained in studies on experimental animals. Mobile genetic elements are the most important sources of long non-coding RNAs that are coexpressed with important brain protein-coding genes. Significant activity of long non-coding RNA was detected in the hippocampus, which confirms the role of transposons in the regulation of brain function. MicroRNAs, many of which arise from transposon transcripts, also play an important role in regulating the differentiation of neuronal stem cells. Therefore, transposons, through their own processed transcripts, take an active part in the epigenetic regulation of differentiation of neurons. The global regulatory role of transposons in the human brain is due to the emergence of protein-coding genes in evolution by their exonization, duplication and domestication. These genes are involved in an epigenetic regulatory network with the participation of transposons, since they contain nucleotide sequences complementary to miRNA and long non-coding RNA formed from transposons. In the memory formation, the role of the exchange of virus-like mRNA with the help of the Arc protein of endogenous retroviruses HERV between neurons has been revealed. A possible mechanism for the implementation of this mechanism may be reverse transcription of mRNA and site-specific insertion into the genome with a regulatory effect on the genes involved in the memory.https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2550braindifferentiationnoncoding rnaretroelementsneuronal stem cellstransposable elements |
| spellingShingle | R. N. Mustafin E. K. Khusnutdinova Involvement of transposable elements in neurogenesis Вавиловский журнал генетики и селекции brain differentiation noncoding rna retroelements neuronal stem cells transposable elements |
| title | Involvement of transposable elements in neurogenesis |
| title_full | Involvement of transposable elements in neurogenesis |
| title_fullStr | Involvement of transposable elements in neurogenesis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Involvement of transposable elements in neurogenesis |
| title_short | Involvement of transposable elements in neurogenesis |
| title_sort | involvement of transposable elements in neurogenesis |
| topic | brain differentiation noncoding rna retroelements neuronal stem cells transposable elements |
| url | https://vavilov.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/2550 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rnmustafin involvementoftransposableelementsinneurogenesis AT ekkhusnutdinova involvementoftransposableelementsinneurogenesis |