Chemical Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils and Nanoemulsions of <i>Eugenia uniflora</i> and <i>Psidium guajava</i>

Chemical Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils and Nanoemulsions of <i>Eugenia uniflora</i> and <i>Psidium guajava</i>

<b>Background/Objectives:</b> This study aimed to develop gel nanoemulsions (NEs) of Brazilian essential oils (EOs) from <i>Eugenia uniflora</i> and <i>Psidium guajava</i>, as well as to perform chemical characterization and investigate the antimicrobial activity...

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Main Authors: Rebeca Dias dos Santos, Breno Noronha Matos, Daniel Oliveira Freire, Franklyn Santos da Silva, Bruno Alcântara do Prado, Karolina Oliveira Gomes, Marta Oliveira de Araújo, Carla Azevedo Bilac, Letícia Fernandes Silva Rodrigues, Izabel Cristina Rodrigues da Silva, Lívia Cristina Lira de Sá Barreto, Claudio Augusto Gomes da Camara, Marcilio Martins de Moraes, Guilherme Martins Gelfuso, Daniela Castilho Orsi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Antibiotics
Subjects:
pitanga essential oil
guajava essential oil
nanoemulsion
antifungal activity
antibacterial activity
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/1/93
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Summary:<b>Background/Objectives:</b> This study aimed to develop gel nanoemulsions (NEs) of Brazilian essential oils (EOs) from <i>Eugenia uniflora</i> and <i>Psidium guajava</i>, as well as to perform chemical characterization and investigate the antimicrobial activity of the EOs and NEs. <b>Results/Conclusions</b>: The main chemical compounds of <i>E. uniflora</i> EO were curzerene (34.80%) and germacrene B (11.92%), while those of <i>P. guajava</i> EO were β-caryophyllene (25.92%), β-selinene (22.64%), and γ-selinene (19.13%). The NEs of <i>E. uniflora</i> and <i>P. guajava</i> had droplet sizes of 105.30 and 99.50 nm and polydispersity index (PDI) values of 0.32 and 0.43, respectively. The NEs remained stable for 30 days of storage at 25 °C, with droplet sizes of 104.7 and 103.8 nm, PDI values below 0.50, and no phase separation. The NE of <i>E. uniflora</i> exhibited inhibition zones ranging from 8.41 to 15.13 mm against the Gram-positive bacterium <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and the Gram-negative bacteria <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, and <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>. Additionally, the NE of <i>E. uniflora</i> showed the largest inhibition zones against <i>Candida albicans</i> (20.97 mm) and <i>Candida krusei</i> (15.20 mm), along with low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values (0.54–1.22 mg/mL) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) values (4.84–11.02 mg/mL) against these pathogenic yeasts. The NE of <i>P. guajava</i> demonstrated low MIC (1.26 mg/mL) and MBC (11.35 mg/mL) values for <i>C. krusei</i>. The time–growth inhibition assay also suggests the effectiveness of the NE against the tested pathogens <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>E. coli</i>, highlighting its potential as a novel alternative therapeutic agent.
ISSN:2079-6382

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