A missing link: The interdependence between sugar-sweetened beverage and cigarette consumption from China.

Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and cigarettes are addictive substances and addictive substances are often related in consumption with each other. However, the potential interdependence between SSB and cigarette consumption has not been explored in the literature. As SSB and cigarette consumption h...

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Main Authors: Lu Liu, Kevin Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2025-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0316891
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author Lu Liu
Kevin Chen
author_facet Lu Liu
Kevin Chen
author_sort Lu Liu
collection DOAJ
description Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and cigarettes are addictive substances and addictive substances are often related in consumption with each other. However, the potential interdependence between SSB and cigarette consumption has not been explored in the literature. As SSB and cigarette consumption have posed a great threat to individual health, the knowledge of such interdependence is critical for policymakers to design and coordinate government interventions. We thus employed Heckman sample selection model and simultaneous equation model to identify and validate the interdependence between SSB and cigarette consumption across subgroups exhibiting different smoking behaviors with individual-level data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) during the period from 2004 to 2011. We find that SSBs and cigarettes are complements in that individuals who ever smoked are more likely to consume SSBs frequently with higher level of SSB intake eventually and SSB intake of current smokers increases along with the amount of cigarettes smoked. SSBs and cigarettes are also substitutes in that former smokers are more likely to consume SSBs compared with current smokers. The complementary relation observed among current smokers implies that government interventions targeting one of the two goods may yield a double dividend effect on health whereas the substitutable relation displayed by former smokers suggests that the health effect of interventions designed to reduce the consumption of one good may be tempered by an elevated demand for the other.
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spelling doaj-art-72c68a55b24e482891a599731ab4b68f2025-02-05T05:32:14ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032025-01-01201e031689110.1371/journal.pone.0316891A missing link: The interdependence between sugar-sweetened beverage and cigarette consumption from China.Lu LiuKevin ChenSugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and cigarettes are addictive substances and addictive substances are often related in consumption with each other. However, the potential interdependence between SSB and cigarette consumption has not been explored in the literature. As SSB and cigarette consumption have posed a great threat to individual health, the knowledge of such interdependence is critical for policymakers to design and coordinate government interventions. We thus employed Heckman sample selection model and simultaneous equation model to identify and validate the interdependence between SSB and cigarette consumption across subgroups exhibiting different smoking behaviors with individual-level data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) during the period from 2004 to 2011. We find that SSBs and cigarettes are complements in that individuals who ever smoked are more likely to consume SSBs frequently with higher level of SSB intake eventually and SSB intake of current smokers increases along with the amount of cigarettes smoked. SSBs and cigarettes are also substitutes in that former smokers are more likely to consume SSBs compared with current smokers. The complementary relation observed among current smokers implies that government interventions targeting one of the two goods may yield a double dividend effect on health whereas the substitutable relation displayed by former smokers suggests that the health effect of interventions designed to reduce the consumption of one good may be tempered by an elevated demand for the other.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0316891
spellingShingle Lu Liu
Kevin Chen
A missing link: The interdependence between sugar-sweetened beverage and cigarette consumption from China.
PLoS ONE
title A missing link: The interdependence between sugar-sweetened beverage and cigarette consumption from China.
title_full A missing link: The interdependence between sugar-sweetened beverage and cigarette consumption from China.
title_fullStr A missing link: The interdependence between sugar-sweetened beverage and cigarette consumption from China.
title_full_unstemmed A missing link: The interdependence between sugar-sweetened beverage and cigarette consumption from China.
title_short A missing link: The interdependence between sugar-sweetened beverage and cigarette consumption from China.
title_sort missing link the interdependence between sugar sweetened beverage and cigarette consumption from china
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0316891
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