A Novel Concept of the “Standard Human” in the Assessment of Individual Total Heart Size: Lessons from Non-Contrast-Enhanced Cardiac CT Examinations
<b>Background:</b> This single-center retrospective observational study reviewed data from 2305 persons examined for coronary artery calcium (CAC) with non-contrast-enhanced cardiac CT. Other cardiac structures, including chamber volumes, were evaluated besides the CAC scoring. We propos...
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2025-06-01
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| author | Maciej Sosnowski Zofia Parma Marcin Syzdół Grzegorz Brożek Jan Harpula Michał Tendera Wojciech Wojakowski |
| author_facet | Maciej Sosnowski Zofia Parma Marcin Syzdół Grzegorz Brożek Jan Harpula Michał Tendera Wojciech Wojakowski |
| author_sort | Maciej Sosnowski |
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| description | <b>Background:</b> This single-center retrospective observational study reviewed data from 2305 persons examined for coronary artery calcium (CAC) with non-contrast-enhanced cardiac CT. Other cardiac structures, including chamber volumes, were evaluated besides the CAC scoring. We proposed a novel body size indexing measure that may outperform common indices for quantifying total heart volume (THV). <b>Methods:</b> This index is the sum of height and the difference between height (unitless) and body surface area (unitless), [h+(h-BSA)], and if the (h-BSA) equals “zero”, it is a feature of the “standard human”. <b>Results:</b> We found that, in subjects with a low cardiovascular (CV) risk, the THV normalized for the novel index was simply a function of BW gain, being the highest in obese. If high-CV-risk features (hypertension, diabetes) were present, the measured THV was larger than expected for BW gain, exceeding values observed in low-CV-risk ones. Differences were found to be sex-independent in all BMI categories. <b>Conclusions:</b> Common BSA correction hides these differences and makes the prognostication of CV risk error-introducing. The indexation we proposed might help distinguish the effects of body weight gain from the ones resulting from the presence of certain cardiovascular diseases. |
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| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-72bf75f4428c47e08d0bfe108865611a2025-08-20T02:24:25ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182025-06-011512150210.3390/diagnostics15121502A Novel Concept of the “Standard Human” in the Assessment of Individual Total Heart Size: Lessons from Non-Contrast-Enhanced Cardiac CT ExaminationsMaciej Sosnowski0Zofia Parma1Marcin Syzdół2Grzegorz Brożek3Jan Harpula4Michał Tendera5Wojciech Wojakowski6Unit of Noninvasive Cardiovascular Diagnostics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Poniatowskiego 15 Street, 40-055 Katowice, PolandUnit of Noninvasive Cardiovascular Diagnostics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Poniatowskiego 15 Street, 40-055 Katowice, PolandUnit of Noninvasive Cardiovascular Diagnostics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Poniatowskiego 15 Street, 40-055 Katowice, PolandDepartment of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Poniatowskiego 15 Street, 40-055 Katowice, PolandDepartment of Cardiology and Structural Heart Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Ziolowa 45 Street, 40-635 Katowice, PolandDepartment of Cardiology and Structural Heart Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Ziolowa 45 Street, 40-635 Katowice, PolandDepartment of Cardiology and Structural Heart Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Ziolowa 45 Street, 40-635 Katowice, Poland<b>Background:</b> This single-center retrospective observational study reviewed data from 2305 persons examined for coronary artery calcium (CAC) with non-contrast-enhanced cardiac CT. Other cardiac structures, including chamber volumes, were evaluated besides the CAC scoring. We proposed a novel body size indexing measure that may outperform common indices for quantifying total heart volume (THV). <b>Methods:</b> This index is the sum of height and the difference between height (unitless) and body surface area (unitless), [h+(h-BSA)], and if the (h-BSA) equals “zero”, it is a feature of the “standard human”. <b>Results:</b> We found that, in subjects with a low cardiovascular (CV) risk, the THV normalized for the novel index was simply a function of BW gain, being the highest in obese. If high-CV-risk features (hypertension, diabetes) were present, the measured THV was larger than expected for BW gain, exceeding values observed in low-CV-risk ones. Differences were found to be sex-independent in all BMI categories. <b>Conclusions:</b> Common BSA correction hides these differences and makes the prognostication of CV risk error-introducing. The indexation we proposed might help distinguish the effects of body weight gain from the ones resulting from the presence of certain cardiovascular diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/12/1502coronary artery calciumstandard humantotal heart volume |
| spellingShingle | Maciej Sosnowski Zofia Parma Marcin Syzdół Grzegorz Brożek Jan Harpula Michał Tendera Wojciech Wojakowski A Novel Concept of the “Standard Human” in the Assessment of Individual Total Heart Size: Lessons from Non-Contrast-Enhanced Cardiac CT Examinations Diagnostics coronary artery calcium standard human total heart volume |
| title | A Novel Concept of the “Standard Human” in the Assessment of Individual Total Heart Size: Lessons from Non-Contrast-Enhanced Cardiac CT Examinations |
| title_full | A Novel Concept of the “Standard Human” in the Assessment of Individual Total Heart Size: Lessons from Non-Contrast-Enhanced Cardiac CT Examinations |
| title_fullStr | A Novel Concept of the “Standard Human” in the Assessment of Individual Total Heart Size: Lessons from Non-Contrast-Enhanced Cardiac CT Examinations |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Novel Concept of the “Standard Human” in the Assessment of Individual Total Heart Size: Lessons from Non-Contrast-Enhanced Cardiac CT Examinations |
| title_short | A Novel Concept of the “Standard Human” in the Assessment of Individual Total Heart Size: Lessons from Non-Contrast-Enhanced Cardiac CT Examinations |
| title_sort | novel concept of the standard human in the assessment of individual total heart size lessons from non contrast enhanced cardiac ct examinations |
| topic | coronary artery calcium standard human total heart volume |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/12/1502 |
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