Impacts of tropical climate on outdoor treatment of anaerobically digested sanitary wastewater using native microalgae
Microalgal technologies interact with other processes, enabling treatment systems to remove nutrients and pollutants while facilitating the reuse of final effluents. However, the development of these systems in various climates and their specific characteristics has been poorly studied. The objectiv...
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Elsevier
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844025002282 |
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| author | Gabriela Santos Cardozo Graziele Ruas Fabiana Alves Fiore Gustavo Henrique Ribeiro Silva |
| author_facet | Gabriela Santos Cardozo Graziele Ruas Fabiana Alves Fiore Gustavo Henrique Ribeiro Silva |
| author_sort | Gabriela Santos Cardozo |
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| description | Microalgal technologies interact with other processes, enabling treatment systems to remove nutrients and pollutants while facilitating the reuse of final effluents. However, the development of these systems in various climates and their specific characteristics has been poorly studied. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of different tropical seasons within the Cerrado Biome on effluent treatment in a closed photobioreactor using a consortium of native microalgae. Cultivation was performed on a bench scale using anaerobically digested sanitary wastewater processed by two mechanisms from the wastewater treatment plant in Bauru, Brazil: the Upflow Anaerobic Filter (UAF) and the Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR). The cultivation took place in an outdoor area with constant aeration and under natural climatic conditions during two seasons: summer and winter. Each season's cultivation occurred in triplicate over 7 days. After cultivation, the effluent and microalgal biomass were separated using a tannin-based organic coagulant (Tanfloc SG) to evaluate effluent quality for non-potable reuse. During summer, the treatment of anaerobically digested sanitary wastewater from UAF achieved 76 ± 3 % and 84 ± 1.2 % phosphorus and nitrogen removal, respectively, while the treatment of anaerobically digested sanitary wastewater from ABR achieved 83 ± 4 % and 85 ± 3 % phosphorus and nitrogen removal, respectively. In winter, 86 ± 2 % and 89 ± 5 % of phosphorus and nitrogen, respectively, were removed from the anaerobically digested sanitary wastewater from UAF, while 68 ± 6 % and 93 ± 3 % were removed from the anaerobically digested sanitary wastewater from ABR. The removal of generic bacteria exceeded 3.0 log for most conditions, with the summer experiments showing absolute values of E. coli below 100 CFU·100 ml⁻1, indicating that the effluent could be used for unrestricted irrigation. Microalgal technology can serve as a tertiary treatment in countries with tropical climates, promoting the reintegration of water into the production cycle, which aligns with circular economy principles. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj-art-724efa1c4f1744c1b34d2817b9db2a3c2025-02-02T05:28:22ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402025-01-01112e41848Impacts of tropical climate on outdoor treatment of anaerobically digested sanitary wastewater using native microalgaeGabriela Santos Cardozo0Graziele Ruas1Fabiana Alves Fiore2Gustavo Henrique Ribeiro Silva3Bauru College of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Engenheiro Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Vargem Limpa, 17033-360, Bauru, SP, BrazilBauru College of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Engenheiro Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Vargem Limpa, 17033-360, Bauru, SP, BrazilScience and Technology Institute of São José dos Campos, Department of Environmental Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, Jardim São Dimas, 12245-000, São José dos Campos, SP, BrazilBauru College of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Engenheiro Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, 14-01, Vargem Limpa, 17033-360, Bauru, SP, Brazil; Corresponding author.Microalgal technologies interact with other processes, enabling treatment systems to remove nutrients and pollutants while facilitating the reuse of final effluents. However, the development of these systems in various climates and their specific characteristics has been poorly studied. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of different tropical seasons within the Cerrado Biome on effluent treatment in a closed photobioreactor using a consortium of native microalgae. Cultivation was performed on a bench scale using anaerobically digested sanitary wastewater processed by two mechanisms from the wastewater treatment plant in Bauru, Brazil: the Upflow Anaerobic Filter (UAF) and the Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR). The cultivation took place in an outdoor area with constant aeration and under natural climatic conditions during two seasons: summer and winter. Each season's cultivation occurred in triplicate over 7 days. After cultivation, the effluent and microalgal biomass were separated using a tannin-based organic coagulant (Tanfloc SG) to evaluate effluent quality for non-potable reuse. During summer, the treatment of anaerobically digested sanitary wastewater from UAF achieved 76 ± 3 % and 84 ± 1.2 % phosphorus and nitrogen removal, respectively, while the treatment of anaerobically digested sanitary wastewater from ABR achieved 83 ± 4 % and 85 ± 3 % phosphorus and nitrogen removal, respectively. In winter, 86 ± 2 % and 89 ± 5 % of phosphorus and nitrogen, respectively, were removed from the anaerobically digested sanitary wastewater from UAF, while 68 ± 6 % and 93 ± 3 % were removed from the anaerobically digested sanitary wastewater from ABR. The removal of generic bacteria exceeded 3.0 log for most conditions, with the summer experiments showing absolute values of E. coli below 100 CFU·100 ml⁻1, indicating that the effluent could be used for unrestricted irrigation. Microalgal technology can serve as a tertiary treatment in countries with tropical climates, promoting the reintegration of water into the production cycle, which aligns with circular economy principles.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844025002282MicroalgaeNutrient removalWastewater treatmentEffluent reuseTropical climate |
| spellingShingle | Gabriela Santos Cardozo Graziele Ruas Fabiana Alves Fiore Gustavo Henrique Ribeiro Silva Impacts of tropical climate on outdoor treatment of anaerobically digested sanitary wastewater using native microalgae Heliyon Microalgae Nutrient removal Wastewater treatment Effluent reuse Tropical climate |
| title | Impacts of tropical climate on outdoor treatment of anaerobically digested sanitary wastewater using native microalgae |
| title_full | Impacts of tropical climate on outdoor treatment of anaerobically digested sanitary wastewater using native microalgae |
| title_fullStr | Impacts of tropical climate on outdoor treatment of anaerobically digested sanitary wastewater using native microalgae |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impacts of tropical climate on outdoor treatment of anaerobically digested sanitary wastewater using native microalgae |
| title_short | Impacts of tropical climate on outdoor treatment of anaerobically digested sanitary wastewater using native microalgae |
| title_sort | impacts of tropical climate on outdoor treatment of anaerobically digested sanitary wastewater using native microalgae |
| topic | Microalgae Nutrient removal Wastewater treatment Effluent reuse Tropical climate |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844025002282 |
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