Modeling the impact of early vaccination in an influenza pandemic in the United States

Abstract We modeled the impact of initiating one-dose influenza vaccination at 3 months vs 6 months after declaration of a pandemic over a 1-year timeframe in the US population. Three vaccine effectiveness (VE) and two pandemic severity levels were considered, using an epidemic curve based on typica...

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Main Authors: Van Hung Nguyen, Pascal Crépey, B. Adam Williams, Verna L. Welch, Jean Marie Pivette, Charles H. Jones, Jane M. True
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-03-01
Series:npj Vaccines
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-025-01081-5
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author Van Hung Nguyen
Pascal Crépey
B. Adam Williams
Verna L. Welch
Jean Marie Pivette
Charles H. Jones
Jane M. True
author_facet Van Hung Nguyen
Pascal Crépey
B. Adam Williams
Verna L. Welch
Jean Marie Pivette
Charles H. Jones
Jane M. True
author_sort Van Hung Nguyen
collection DOAJ
description Abstract We modeled the impact of initiating one-dose influenza vaccination at 3 months vs 6 months after declaration of a pandemic over a 1-year timeframe in the US population. Three vaccine effectiveness (VE) and two pandemic severity levels were considered, using an epidemic curve based on typical seasonal influenza epidemics. Vaccination from 3 months with a high, moderate, or low effectiveness vaccine would prevent ~95%, 84%, or 38% deaths post-vaccination, respectively, compared with 21%, 18%, and 8%, respectively following vaccination at 6 months, irrespective of pandemic severity. While the pandemic curve would not be flattened from vaccination from 6 months, a moderate/high effectiveness vaccine could flatten the curve if administered from 3 months. Overall, speed of initiating a vaccination campaign is more important than VE in reducing the health impacts of an influenza pandemic. Preparedness strategies may be able to minimize future pandemic impacts by prioritizing rapid vaccine roll-out.
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spelling doaj-art-722d2fb1d5984f15b8c5e5f2a93bf65a2025-08-20T02:10:17ZengNature Portfolionpj Vaccines2059-01052025-03-011011910.1038/s41541-025-01081-5Modeling the impact of early vaccination in an influenza pandemic in the United StatesVan Hung Nguyen0Pascal Crépey1B. Adam Williams2Verna L. Welch3Jean Marie Pivette4Charles H. Jones5Jane M. True6VHN Consulting IncEHESP, University of Rennes, CNRS, IEP Rennes, Arènes—UMR 6051, RSMS—Inserm U 1309PfizerPfizerVHN Consulting IncPfizerPfizerAbstract We modeled the impact of initiating one-dose influenza vaccination at 3 months vs 6 months after declaration of a pandemic over a 1-year timeframe in the US population. Three vaccine effectiveness (VE) and two pandemic severity levels were considered, using an epidemic curve based on typical seasonal influenza epidemics. Vaccination from 3 months with a high, moderate, or low effectiveness vaccine would prevent ~95%, 84%, or 38% deaths post-vaccination, respectively, compared with 21%, 18%, and 8%, respectively following vaccination at 6 months, irrespective of pandemic severity. While the pandemic curve would not be flattened from vaccination from 6 months, a moderate/high effectiveness vaccine could flatten the curve if administered from 3 months. Overall, speed of initiating a vaccination campaign is more important than VE in reducing the health impacts of an influenza pandemic. Preparedness strategies may be able to minimize future pandemic impacts by prioritizing rapid vaccine roll-out.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-025-01081-5
spellingShingle Van Hung Nguyen
Pascal Crépey
B. Adam Williams
Verna L. Welch
Jean Marie Pivette
Charles H. Jones
Jane M. True
Modeling the impact of early vaccination in an influenza pandemic in the United States
npj Vaccines
title Modeling the impact of early vaccination in an influenza pandemic in the United States
title_full Modeling the impact of early vaccination in an influenza pandemic in the United States
title_fullStr Modeling the impact of early vaccination in an influenza pandemic in the United States
title_full_unstemmed Modeling the impact of early vaccination in an influenza pandemic in the United States
title_short Modeling the impact of early vaccination in an influenza pandemic in the United States
title_sort modeling the impact of early vaccination in an influenza pandemic in the united states
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-025-01081-5
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