Exploring the relationship between ultra-processed food consumption and gut microbiota at school age in a Brazilian birth cohort
Abstract: Dietary patterns significantly impact health outcomes and gut microbiota composition. However, longitudinal studies associating ultra-processed food consumption with gut microbiota composition, especially among adolescents in low- and middle-income countries, are lacking. This study aimed...
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Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Cadernos de Saúde Pública |
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| Online Access: | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-311X2025000201408&lng=en&tlng=en |
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| author | Etiene Dias Alves Marina Xavier Carpena Aluísio J. D. Barros Elena M. Comelli Lorena López-Domínguez Robert H. J. Bandsma Iná da Silva dos Santos Alicia Matijasevich Juliana dos Santos Vaz Romina Buffarini Isabel Oliveira Bierhals Maria Carolina Borges Luciana Tovo-Rodrigues |
| author_facet | Etiene Dias Alves Marina Xavier Carpena Aluísio J. D. Barros Elena M. Comelli Lorena López-Domínguez Robert H. J. Bandsma Iná da Silva dos Santos Alicia Matijasevich Juliana dos Santos Vaz Romina Buffarini Isabel Oliveira Bierhals Maria Carolina Borges Luciana Tovo-Rodrigues |
| author_sort | Etiene Dias Alves |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract: Dietary patterns significantly impact health outcomes and gut microbiota composition. However, longitudinal studies associating ultra-processed food consumption with gut microbiota composition, especially among adolescents in low- and middle-income countries, are lacking. This study aimed to explore this association using data collected from 364 participants at ages 6, 11, and 12 years from the 2004 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort. Microbiota data was obtained at age 12 after 16S rRNA gene sequencing of self-collected fecal samples. Linear or logistic regression models evaluated the relationship between age groups and gut microbiota outcomes (alpha diversity, beta diversity and relative abundances at the phylum and genus levels), considering dietary covariates and demographic, socioeconomic, health-related, and behavioral factors. No significant associations between ultra-processed food consumption and alpha diversity were observed after multiple testing corrections, and there was no strong evidence linking ultra-processed food consumption and beta diversity, with unweighted metrics explaining little variance at ages 11 and 12. Nominal associations were found between ultra-processed food and relative abundances of Actinobacteria (p = 0.032) and Proteobacteria (p = 0.045) (phyla), Bacteroides (p = 0.037 at age 6; p = 0.015 at age 11) and Peptostreptococcus (p = 0.025 at age 6; p = 0.010 at age 11) (genera). However, these associations lost statistical significance after adjustments for multiple comparisons. These findings highlight the need for more longitudinal studies to better understand the complex interaction between ultra-processed food intake and gut microbiota composition in adolescent populations in low- and middle-income countries. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7212fe54c8004bbe95b74d465ff9f741 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1678-4464 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cadernos de Saúde Pública |
| spelling | doaj-art-7212fe54c8004bbe95b74d465ff9f7412025-08-20T02:26:02ZengEscola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Oswaldo CruzCadernos de Saúde Pública1678-44642025-03-0141210.1590/0102-311xen094424Exploring the relationship between ultra-processed food consumption and gut microbiota at school age in a Brazilian birth cohortEtiene Dias Alveshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1185-8972Marina Xavier Carpenahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4690-5791Aluísio J. D. Barroshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2022-8729Elena M. Comellihttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5201-5437Lorena López-Domínguezhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5889-3986Robert H. J. Bandsmahttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6358-4750Iná da Silva dos Santoshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1258-9249Alicia Matijasevichhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0060-1589Juliana dos Santos Vazhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2880-767XRomina Buffarinihttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6905-8767Isabel Oliveira Bierhalshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8739-8669Maria Carolina Borgeshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7785-4547Luciana Tovo-Rodrigueshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8732-6059Abstract: Dietary patterns significantly impact health outcomes and gut microbiota composition. However, longitudinal studies associating ultra-processed food consumption with gut microbiota composition, especially among adolescents in low- and middle-income countries, are lacking. This study aimed to explore this association using data collected from 364 participants at ages 6, 11, and 12 years from the 2004 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort. Microbiota data was obtained at age 12 after 16S rRNA gene sequencing of self-collected fecal samples. Linear or logistic regression models evaluated the relationship between age groups and gut microbiota outcomes (alpha diversity, beta diversity and relative abundances at the phylum and genus levels), considering dietary covariates and demographic, socioeconomic, health-related, and behavioral factors. No significant associations between ultra-processed food consumption and alpha diversity were observed after multiple testing corrections, and there was no strong evidence linking ultra-processed food consumption and beta diversity, with unweighted metrics explaining little variance at ages 11 and 12. Nominal associations were found between ultra-processed food and relative abundances of Actinobacteria (p = 0.032) and Proteobacteria (p = 0.045) (phyla), Bacteroides (p = 0.037 at age 6; p = 0.015 at age 11) and Peptostreptococcus (p = 0.025 at age 6; p = 0.010 at age 11) (genera). However, these associations lost statistical significance after adjustments for multiple comparisons. These findings highlight the need for more longitudinal studies to better understand the complex interaction between ultra-processed food intake and gut microbiota composition in adolescent populations in low- and middle-income countries.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-311X2025000201408&lng=en&tlng=enGut MicrobiotaUltra-Processed FoodAdolescenceCohort StudiesActinobacteria |
| spellingShingle | Etiene Dias Alves Marina Xavier Carpena Aluísio J. D. Barros Elena M. Comelli Lorena López-Domínguez Robert H. J. Bandsma Iná da Silva dos Santos Alicia Matijasevich Juliana dos Santos Vaz Romina Buffarini Isabel Oliveira Bierhals Maria Carolina Borges Luciana Tovo-Rodrigues Exploring the relationship between ultra-processed food consumption and gut microbiota at school age in a Brazilian birth cohort Cadernos de Saúde Pública Gut Microbiota Ultra-Processed Food Adolescence Cohort Studies Actinobacteria |
| title | Exploring the relationship between ultra-processed food consumption and gut microbiota at school age in a Brazilian birth cohort |
| title_full | Exploring the relationship between ultra-processed food consumption and gut microbiota at school age in a Brazilian birth cohort |
| title_fullStr | Exploring the relationship between ultra-processed food consumption and gut microbiota at school age in a Brazilian birth cohort |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring the relationship between ultra-processed food consumption and gut microbiota at school age in a Brazilian birth cohort |
| title_short | Exploring the relationship between ultra-processed food consumption and gut microbiota at school age in a Brazilian birth cohort |
| title_sort | exploring the relationship between ultra processed food consumption and gut microbiota at school age in a brazilian birth cohort |
| topic | Gut Microbiota Ultra-Processed Food Adolescence Cohort Studies Actinobacteria |
| url | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-311X2025000201408&lng=en&tlng=en |
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