Chemical Composition of Mexicali Propolis and Its Effect on Gastric Repair in an Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Injury Murine Model
Propolis is a resinous substance produced by bees that has several biomedical properties that could contribute to the repair process of the gastric mucosa, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, healing, and gastroprotective properties. Thus, this study aimed to determine the chemical composition o...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | Antioxidants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/1/65 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832589266318786560 |
|---|---|
| author | Pilar Dominguez-Verano Nadia Jacobo-Herrera Andrés Castell-Rodríguez Octavio Canales-Alvarez Maria Margarita Canales-Martinez Marco Aurelio Rodriguez-Monroy |
| author_facet | Pilar Dominguez-Verano Nadia Jacobo-Herrera Andrés Castell-Rodríguez Octavio Canales-Alvarez Maria Margarita Canales-Martinez Marco Aurelio Rodriguez-Monroy |
| author_sort | Pilar Dominguez-Verano |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Propolis is a resinous substance produced by bees that has several biomedical properties that could contribute to the repair process of the gastric mucosa, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, healing, and gastroprotective properties. Thus, this study aimed to determine the chemical composition of Mexicali propolis, its antioxidant capacity, and its effect on gastric repair. Three polarity-directed extracts were obtained: the ethanolic extract, the ethyl acetate extract, and the hexane extract. The antioxidant activity, total phenolic content (TPC), and flavone/flavonol content were determined for each extract. The chemical composition was analysed using HPLC—TOF—MS (High—Performance Liquid Chromatography—Time—Of—Flight Mass Spectrometry) and GC—MS (Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry), and a total of 52 compounds were identified. The results revealed that the ethanolic extract had the greatest effect on free radical scavenging and the content of bioactive compounds. On the basis of these results, the effect of the Mexicali ethanolic extract of propolis (MeEEP) on gastric repair was subsequently evaluated. Prior to the evaluation, MeEEP was found to exhibit low oral toxicity, as determined under the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 425 guidelines. Gastric injury was induced in male C57BL/6 mice by intragastric administration of indomethacin (10 mg/kg). MeEEP (300 mg/kg) was administered 6 h after the induction of injury using indomethacin and daily thereafter. The mice were sacrificed at 12, 24, and 48 h to assess the effect. As a result, MeEEP enhanced the repair of the gastric lesion by decreasing the percentage of the bleeding area and attenuating the severity of histological damage, as demonstrated by H&E staining. This effect was associated with a reduction in MPO enzyme activity and in the levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, maintaining controlled inflammation in gastric tissue. Furthermore, the administration of the extract increased SOD enzymatic activity and GSH levels, reducing the degree of oxidative damage in the gastric tissue, as demonstrated by low MDA levels. Finally, after evaluating the effect on apoptosis via immunohistochemistry, MeEEP was shown to reduce the expression of the proapoptotic marker Bax and increase the expression of the antiapoptotic marker Bcl-2. In conclusion, these findings suggest that MeEEP may enhance gastric repair through a cytoprotective mechanism by controlling inflammation exacerbation, reducing oxidative stress, and regulating apoptosis. These mechanisms are primarily attributed to the presence of pinocembrin, tectochrysin, chrysin, apigenin, naringenin, acacetin, genistein, and kaempferol. It is important to highlight that this study provides a preliminary exploration of the reparative effect of Mexican propolis, describing the potential mechanisms of action of the compounds present in Mexicali propolis. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-71f57b26bfa44ee3a91ee6eed6569cc1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj-art-71f57b26bfa44ee3a91ee6eed6569cc12025-01-24T13:19:22ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212025-01-011416510.3390/antiox14010065Chemical Composition of Mexicali Propolis and Its Effect on Gastric Repair in an Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Injury Murine ModelPilar Dominguez-Verano0Nadia Jacobo-Herrera1Andrés Castell-Rodríguez2Octavio Canales-Alvarez3Maria Margarita Canales-Martinez4Marco Aurelio Rodriguez-Monroy5Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Edificio D, 1 Piso, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, MexicoUnidad de Bioquímica Guillermo Soberón Acevedo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. Avenida Vasco de Quiroga 14, Colonia Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, MexicoDepartamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Colonia. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, MexicoLaboratorio de Investigación Biomédica en Productos Naturales, Carrera de Medicina, UNAM, FES Iztacala, Avenida de los Barrios Número 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz 54090, MexicoLaboratorio de Farmacognosia, UBIPRO, UNAM, FES Iztacala, Avenida de los Barrios Número 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz 54090, MexicoLaboratorio de Investigación Biomédica en Productos Naturales, Carrera de Medicina, UNAM, FES Iztacala, Avenida de los Barrios Número 1, Tlalnepantla de Baz 54090, MexicoPropolis is a resinous substance produced by bees that has several biomedical properties that could contribute to the repair process of the gastric mucosa, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, healing, and gastroprotective properties. Thus, this study aimed to determine the chemical composition of Mexicali propolis, its antioxidant capacity, and its effect on gastric repair. Three polarity-directed extracts were obtained: the ethanolic extract, the ethyl acetate extract, and the hexane extract. The antioxidant activity, total phenolic content (TPC), and flavone/flavonol content were determined for each extract. The chemical composition was analysed using HPLC—TOF—MS (High—Performance Liquid Chromatography—Time—Of—Flight Mass Spectrometry) and GC—MS (Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry), and a total of 52 compounds were identified. The results revealed that the ethanolic extract had the greatest effect on free radical scavenging and the content of bioactive compounds. On the basis of these results, the effect of the Mexicali ethanolic extract of propolis (MeEEP) on gastric repair was subsequently evaluated. Prior to the evaluation, MeEEP was found to exhibit low oral toxicity, as determined under the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 425 guidelines. Gastric injury was induced in male C57BL/6 mice by intragastric administration of indomethacin (10 mg/kg). MeEEP (300 mg/kg) was administered 6 h after the induction of injury using indomethacin and daily thereafter. The mice were sacrificed at 12, 24, and 48 h to assess the effect. As a result, MeEEP enhanced the repair of the gastric lesion by decreasing the percentage of the bleeding area and attenuating the severity of histological damage, as demonstrated by H&E staining. This effect was associated with a reduction in MPO enzyme activity and in the levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, maintaining controlled inflammation in gastric tissue. Furthermore, the administration of the extract increased SOD enzymatic activity and GSH levels, reducing the degree of oxidative damage in the gastric tissue, as demonstrated by low MDA levels. Finally, after evaluating the effect on apoptosis via immunohistochemistry, MeEEP was shown to reduce the expression of the proapoptotic marker Bax and increase the expression of the antiapoptotic marker Bcl-2. In conclusion, these findings suggest that MeEEP may enhance gastric repair through a cytoprotective mechanism by controlling inflammation exacerbation, reducing oxidative stress, and regulating apoptosis. These mechanisms are primarily attributed to the presence of pinocembrin, tectochrysin, chrysin, apigenin, naringenin, acacetin, genistein, and kaempferol. It is important to highlight that this study provides a preliminary exploration of the reparative effect of Mexican propolis, describing the potential mechanisms of action of the compounds present in Mexicali propolis.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/1/65propolispeptic ulcergastric repairantioxidantanti—inflammatoryantiapoptotic |
| spellingShingle | Pilar Dominguez-Verano Nadia Jacobo-Herrera Andrés Castell-Rodríguez Octavio Canales-Alvarez Maria Margarita Canales-Martinez Marco Aurelio Rodriguez-Monroy Chemical Composition of Mexicali Propolis and Its Effect on Gastric Repair in an Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Injury Murine Model Antioxidants propolis peptic ulcer gastric repair antioxidant anti—inflammatory antiapoptotic |
| title | Chemical Composition of Mexicali Propolis and Its Effect on Gastric Repair in an Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Injury Murine Model |
| title_full | Chemical Composition of Mexicali Propolis and Its Effect on Gastric Repair in an Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Injury Murine Model |
| title_fullStr | Chemical Composition of Mexicali Propolis and Its Effect on Gastric Repair in an Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Injury Murine Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chemical Composition of Mexicali Propolis and Its Effect on Gastric Repair in an Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Injury Murine Model |
| title_short | Chemical Composition of Mexicali Propolis and Its Effect on Gastric Repair in an Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Injury Murine Model |
| title_sort | chemical composition of mexicali propolis and its effect on gastric repair in an indomethacin induced gastric injury murine model |
| topic | propolis peptic ulcer gastric repair antioxidant anti—inflammatory antiapoptotic |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/1/65 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT pilardominguezverano chemicalcompositionofmexicalipropolisanditseffectongastricrepairinanindomethacininducedgastricinjurymurinemodel AT nadiajacoboherrera chemicalcompositionofmexicalipropolisanditseffectongastricrepairinanindomethacininducedgastricinjurymurinemodel AT andrescastellrodriguez chemicalcompositionofmexicalipropolisanditseffectongastricrepairinanindomethacininducedgastricinjurymurinemodel AT octaviocanalesalvarez chemicalcompositionofmexicalipropolisanditseffectongastricrepairinanindomethacininducedgastricinjurymurinemodel AT mariamargaritacanalesmartinez chemicalcompositionofmexicalipropolisanditseffectongastricrepairinanindomethacininducedgastricinjurymurinemodel AT marcoaureliorodriguezmonroy chemicalcompositionofmexicalipropolisanditseffectongastricrepairinanindomethacininducedgastricinjurymurinemodel |