Identification of a novel and high affinity MIF inhibitor via structure-based pharmacophore modelling, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and biological evaluation

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) plays a crucial role in disrupting immune homeostasis and was overexpressed in immune cells. The inhibitors of MIF inhibit the release of inflammatory factors to treat sepsis. Herein, a series of compounds (termed as Hits 1–6) were discovered based on pha...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Shang Zhu, Shudan Yang, Yao Chen, Miao-Miao Niu, Jun Wang, Jindong Li, Xuehua Pu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/14756366.2025.2501378
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850220753483464704
author Shang Zhu
Shudan Yang
Yao Chen
Miao-Miao Niu
Jun Wang
Jindong Li
Xuehua Pu
author_facet Shang Zhu
Shudan Yang
Yao Chen
Miao-Miao Niu
Jun Wang
Jindong Li
Xuehua Pu
author_sort Shang Zhu
collection DOAJ
description Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) plays a crucial role in disrupting immune homeostasis and was overexpressed in immune cells. The inhibitors of MIF inhibit the release of inflammatory factors to treat sepsis. Herein, a series of compounds (termed as Hits 1–6) were discovered based on pharmacophore modelling, molecular docking, and interaction analysis. The biaryltriazole inhibitor 3a was used as the positive control. MST and ITC experiments showed that compared to 3a, Hit-1 possessed the highest affinity with MIF. MD simulations exhibited that Hit-1 stably bound to the active pocket of MIF. Pull down experiment showed that Hit-1 could interfere with the binding of MIF to CD74. Furthermore, RT-qPCR demonstrated that Hit-1 suppressed the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. These data demonstrate that Hit-1 may be a promising and high-affinity candidate compound treating sepsis.
format Article
id doaj-art-714b5d19d1314c1c9a56a7dfd86eb9d3
institution OA Journals
issn 1475-6366
1475-6374
language English
publishDate 2025-12-01
publisher Taylor & Francis Group
record_format Article
series Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry
spelling doaj-art-714b5d19d1314c1c9a56a7dfd86eb9d32025-08-20T02:06:57ZengTaylor & Francis GroupJournal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry1475-63661475-63742025-12-0140110.1080/14756366.2025.2501378Identification of a novel and high affinity MIF inhibitor via structure-based pharmacophore modelling, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and biological evaluationShang Zhu0Shudan Yang1Yao Chen2Miao-Miao Niu3Jun Wang4Jindong Li5Xuehua Pu6Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, ChinaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of Infection Control and Emergency Department, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, ChinaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of Infection Control and Emergency Department, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, ChinaInstitute of Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, ChinaDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, ChinaMacrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) plays a crucial role in disrupting immune homeostasis and was overexpressed in immune cells. The inhibitors of MIF inhibit the release of inflammatory factors to treat sepsis. Herein, a series of compounds (termed as Hits 1–6) were discovered based on pharmacophore modelling, molecular docking, and interaction analysis. The biaryltriazole inhibitor 3a was used as the positive control. MST and ITC experiments showed that compared to 3a, Hit-1 possessed the highest affinity with MIF. MD simulations exhibited that Hit-1 stably bound to the active pocket of MIF. Pull down experiment showed that Hit-1 could interfere with the binding of MIF to CD74. Furthermore, RT-qPCR demonstrated that Hit-1 suppressed the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in macrophages including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. These data demonstrate that Hit-1 may be a promising and high-affinity candidate compound treating sepsis.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/14756366.2025.2501378MIFstructure-based pharmacophore modellingmolecular dockingMD simulationsbiological evaluation
spellingShingle Shang Zhu
Shudan Yang
Yao Chen
Miao-Miao Niu
Jun Wang
Jindong Li
Xuehua Pu
Identification of a novel and high affinity MIF inhibitor via structure-based pharmacophore modelling, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and biological evaluation
Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry
MIF
structure-based pharmacophore modelling
molecular docking
MD simulations
biological evaluation
title Identification of a novel and high affinity MIF inhibitor via structure-based pharmacophore modelling, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and biological evaluation
title_full Identification of a novel and high affinity MIF inhibitor via structure-based pharmacophore modelling, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and biological evaluation
title_fullStr Identification of a novel and high affinity MIF inhibitor via structure-based pharmacophore modelling, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and biological evaluation
title_full_unstemmed Identification of a novel and high affinity MIF inhibitor via structure-based pharmacophore modelling, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and biological evaluation
title_short Identification of a novel and high affinity MIF inhibitor via structure-based pharmacophore modelling, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and biological evaluation
title_sort identification of a novel and high affinity mif inhibitor via structure based pharmacophore modelling molecular docking molecular dynamics simulations and biological evaluation
topic MIF
structure-based pharmacophore modelling
molecular docking
MD simulations
biological evaluation
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/14756366.2025.2501378
work_keys_str_mv AT shangzhu identificationofanovelandhighaffinitymifinhibitorviastructurebasedpharmacophoremodellingmoleculardockingmoleculardynamicssimulationsandbiologicalevaluation
AT shudanyang identificationofanovelandhighaffinitymifinhibitorviastructurebasedpharmacophoremodellingmoleculardockingmoleculardynamicssimulationsandbiologicalevaluation
AT yaochen identificationofanovelandhighaffinitymifinhibitorviastructurebasedpharmacophoremodellingmoleculardockingmoleculardynamicssimulationsandbiologicalevaluation
AT miaomiaoniu identificationofanovelandhighaffinitymifinhibitorviastructurebasedpharmacophoremodellingmoleculardockingmoleculardynamicssimulationsandbiologicalevaluation
AT junwang identificationofanovelandhighaffinitymifinhibitorviastructurebasedpharmacophoremodellingmoleculardockingmoleculardynamicssimulationsandbiologicalevaluation
AT jindongli identificationofanovelandhighaffinitymifinhibitorviastructurebasedpharmacophoremodellingmoleculardockingmoleculardynamicssimulationsandbiologicalevaluation
AT xuehuapu identificationofanovelandhighaffinitymifinhibitorviastructurebasedpharmacophoremodellingmoleculardockingmoleculardynamicssimulationsandbiologicalevaluation