Biaxial Flexural Strength and Vickers Hardness of 3D-Printed and Milled 5Y Partially Stabilized Zirconia
This study compares the mechanical properties of 5-mol% yttria partially stabilized zirconia (5Y-PSZ) materials, designed for 3D printing or milling. Three 5Y-PSZ materials were investigated: printed zirconia (PZ) and two milled zirconia materials, VITA-YZ-XT (MZ-1) and Cercon xt (MZ-2). PZ samples...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Functional Biomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/16/1/36 |
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| author | Sebastian Hetzler Carina Hinzen Stefan Rues Clemens Schmitt Peter Rammelsberg Andreas Zenthöfer |
| author_facet | Sebastian Hetzler Carina Hinzen Stefan Rues Clemens Schmitt Peter Rammelsberg Andreas Zenthöfer |
| author_sort | Sebastian Hetzler |
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| description | This study compares the mechanical properties of 5-mol% yttria partially stabilized zirconia (5Y-PSZ) materials, designed for 3D printing or milling. Three 5Y-PSZ materials were investigated: printed zirconia (PZ) and two milled zirconia materials, VITA-YZ-XT (MZ-1) and Cercon xt (MZ-2). PZ samples were made from a novel ceramic suspension via digital light processing and divided into three subgroups: PZ-HN-ZD (horizontal nesting, printed with Zipro-D Dental), PZ-VN-Z (vertical nesting, printed with Zipro-D Dental) and PZ-VN-Z (vertical nesting, printed with Zipro Dental). Key outcomes included biaxial flexural strength (ISO 6872) and Vickers hardness (<i>n</i> ≥ 23 samples/subgroup). Microstructure and grain size were analyzed using light and scanning electron microscopy. Printed specimens exhibited biaxial flexural strengths of 1059 ± 178 MPa (PZ-HN-ZD), 797 ± 135 MPa (PZ-VN-ZD), and 793 ± 75 MPa (PZ-VN-Z). Milled samples showed strengths of 745 ± 96 MPa (MZ-1) and 928 ± 87 MPa (MZ-2). Significant differences (α = 0.05) were observed, except between vertically printed groups and MZ-1. Vickers hardness was highest for PZ-VN-Z (HV0.5 = 1590 ± 24), followed by MZ-1 (HV0.5 = 1577 ± 9) and MZ-2 (HV0.5 = 1524 ± 4), with significant differences, except between PZ and MZ-1. PZ samples had the smallest grain size (0.744 ± 0.024 µm) compared to MZ-1 (0.820 ± 0.042 µm) and MZ-2 (1.023 ± 0.081 µm). All materials met ISO 6872 standards for crowns and three-unit prostheses in posterior regions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-711e5ebdc6cf43bdbff768f808a719a6 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2079-4983 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | Journal of Functional Biomaterials |
| spelling | doaj-art-711e5ebdc6cf43bdbff768f808a719a62025-01-24T13:36:12ZengMDPI AGJournal of Functional Biomaterials2079-49832025-01-011613610.3390/jfb16010036Biaxial Flexural Strength and Vickers Hardness of 3D-Printed and Milled 5Y Partially Stabilized ZirconiaSebastian Hetzler0Carina Hinzen1Stefan Rues2Clemens Schmitt3Peter Rammelsberg4Andreas Zenthöfer5Department of Prosthodontics, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of Prosthodontics, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of Prosthodontics, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of Prosthodontics, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of Prosthodontics, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of Prosthodontics, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyThis study compares the mechanical properties of 5-mol% yttria partially stabilized zirconia (5Y-PSZ) materials, designed for 3D printing or milling. Three 5Y-PSZ materials were investigated: printed zirconia (PZ) and two milled zirconia materials, VITA-YZ-XT (MZ-1) and Cercon xt (MZ-2). PZ samples were made from a novel ceramic suspension via digital light processing and divided into three subgroups: PZ-HN-ZD (horizontal nesting, printed with Zipro-D Dental), PZ-VN-Z (vertical nesting, printed with Zipro-D Dental) and PZ-VN-Z (vertical nesting, printed with Zipro Dental). Key outcomes included biaxial flexural strength (ISO 6872) and Vickers hardness (<i>n</i> ≥ 23 samples/subgroup). Microstructure and grain size were analyzed using light and scanning electron microscopy. Printed specimens exhibited biaxial flexural strengths of 1059 ± 178 MPa (PZ-HN-ZD), 797 ± 135 MPa (PZ-VN-ZD), and 793 ± 75 MPa (PZ-VN-Z). Milled samples showed strengths of 745 ± 96 MPa (MZ-1) and 928 ± 87 MPa (MZ-2). Significant differences (α = 0.05) were observed, except between vertically printed groups and MZ-1. Vickers hardness was highest for PZ-VN-Z (HV0.5 = 1590 ± 24), followed by MZ-1 (HV0.5 = 1577 ± 9) and MZ-2 (HV0.5 = 1524 ± 4), with significant differences, except between PZ and MZ-1. PZ samples had the smallest grain size (0.744 ± 0.024 µm) compared to MZ-1 (0.820 ± 0.042 µm) and MZ-2 (1.023 ± 0.081 µm). All materials met ISO 6872 standards for crowns and three-unit prostheses in posterior regions.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/16/1/363D printingadditive manufacturingbiaxial flexural strengthVickers hardnesstranslucent5Y-stabilized zirconia |
| spellingShingle | Sebastian Hetzler Carina Hinzen Stefan Rues Clemens Schmitt Peter Rammelsberg Andreas Zenthöfer Biaxial Flexural Strength and Vickers Hardness of 3D-Printed and Milled 5Y Partially Stabilized Zirconia Journal of Functional Biomaterials 3D printing additive manufacturing biaxial flexural strength Vickers hardness translucent 5Y-stabilized zirconia |
| title | Biaxial Flexural Strength and Vickers Hardness of 3D-Printed and Milled 5Y Partially Stabilized Zirconia |
| title_full | Biaxial Flexural Strength and Vickers Hardness of 3D-Printed and Milled 5Y Partially Stabilized Zirconia |
| title_fullStr | Biaxial Flexural Strength and Vickers Hardness of 3D-Printed and Milled 5Y Partially Stabilized Zirconia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biaxial Flexural Strength and Vickers Hardness of 3D-Printed and Milled 5Y Partially Stabilized Zirconia |
| title_short | Biaxial Flexural Strength and Vickers Hardness of 3D-Printed and Milled 5Y Partially Stabilized Zirconia |
| title_sort | biaxial flexural strength and vickers hardness of 3d printed and milled 5y partially stabilized zirconia |
| topic | 3D printing additive manufacturing biaxial flexural strength Vickers hardness translucent 5Y-stabilized zirconia |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/16/1/36 |
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