Validation of the Persian Involuntary Musical Imagery Scale alongside multifaceted investigation of earworms among Iranian college students
IntroductionInvoluntary musical imagery is considered a ubiquitous phenomenon worldwide, while mixed and inconsistent results regarding different aspects of earworms remain challenging. Furthermore, there is a special need for research on earworms in societies other than in European or American. The...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1480633/full |
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| author | Aref Tabahori Imanollah Bigdeli Hossein Kareshki |
| author_facet | Aref Tabahori Imanollah Bigdeli Hossein Kareshki |
| author_sort | Aref Tabahori |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionInvoluntary musical imagery is considered a ubiquitous phenomenon worldwide, while mixed and inconsistent results regarding different aspects of earworms remain challenging. Furthermore, there is a special need for research on earworms in societies other than in European or American. The primary aim of our study is to validate the Persian Involuntary Musical Imagery Scale (PIMIS) and, secondly, to carry out a detailed exploration of earworms among Iranian college students.MethodsA total of 946 Iranian college students were recruited to answer the Persian Involuntary Musical Imagery Scale (PIMIS), and gold standards including the Thought Control Questionnaire (TCQ, to convergent validity), the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21, to concurrent validity), the White Bear Suppression Inventory (WBSI, to predictive validity), as well as the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-revised (OCI-R), and socio-demographic queries. A complex of features regarding the validity and reliability of the PIMIS, along with numerous aspects of earworm, were explored.Results and discussionThe Persian Involuntary Musical Imagery Scale encompasses 15 items along with three additional questions. It was found to be a valid and reliable instrument among Iranian college students, qualified to measure individual differences in earworms. Phenomenological evidence and detailed data on individual differences could provide rich knowledge for the rest of the literature paradigms. Moreover, future investigations into the local regions of the Iranian population are recommended. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-71183ad93e1a467a9caa1b18b8b81317 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-1078 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Psychology |
| spelling | doaj-art-71183ad93e1a467a9caa1b18b8b813172025-01-31T18:39:10ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782025-01-011610.3389/fpsyg.2025.14806331480633Validation of the Persian Involuntary Musical Imagery Scale alongside multifaceted investigation of earworms among Iranian college studentsAref TabahoriImanollah BigdeliHossein KareshkiIntroductionInvoluntary musical imagery is considered a ubiquitous phenomenon worldwide, while mixed and inconsistent results regarding different aspects of earworms remain challenging. Furthermore, there is a special need for research on earworms in societies other than in European or American. The primary aim of our study is to validate the Persian Involuntary Musical Imagery Scale (PIMIS) and, secondly, to carry out a detailed exploration of earworms among Iranian college students.MethodsA total of 946 Iranian college students were recruited to answer the Persian Involuntary Musical Imagery Scale (PIMIS), and gold standards including the Thought Control Questionnaire (TCQ, to convergent validity), the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21, to concurrent validity), the White Bear Suppression Inventory (WBSI, to predictive validity), as well as the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-revised (OCI-R), and socio-demographic queries. A complex of features regarding the validity and reliability of the PIMIS, along with numerous aspects of earworm, were explored.Results and discussionThe Persian Involuntary Musical Imagery Scale encompasses 15 items along with three additional questions. It was found to be a valid and reliable instrument among Iranian college students, qualified to measure individual differences in earworms. Phenomenological evidence and detailed data on individual differences could provide rich knowledge for the rest of the literature paradigms. Moreover, future investigations into the local regions of the Iranian population are recommended.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1480633/fullearwormsinvoluntary musical imageryauditory perceptionpsychometricindividual differencesmusic cognition |
| spellingShingle | Aref Tabahori Imanollah Bigdeli Hossein Kareshki Validation of the Persian Involuntary Musical Imagery Scale alongside multifaceted investigation of earworms among Iranian college students Frontiers in Psychology earworms involuntary musical imagery auditory perception psychometric individual differences music cognition |
| title | Validation of the Persian Involuntary Musical Imagery Scale alongside multifaceted investigation of earworms among Iranian college students |
| title_full | Validation of the Persian Involuntary Musical Imagery Scale alongside multifaceted investigation of earworms among Iranian college students |
| title_fullStr | Validation of the Persian Involuntary Musical Imagery Scale alongside multifaceted investigation of earworms among Iranian college students |
| title_full_unstemmed | Validation of the Persian Involuntary Musical Imagery Scale alongside multifaceted investigation of earworms among Iranian college students |
| title_short | Validation of the Persian Involuntary Musical Imagery Scale alongside multifaceted investigation of earworms among Iranian college students |
| title_sort | validation of the persian involuntary musical imagery scale alongside multifaceted investigation of earworms among iranian college students |
| topic | earworms involuntary musical imagery auditory perception psychometric individual differences music cognition |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1480633/full |
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