Separation of heavy metals using aqueous two-phase systems based on choline chloride/urea and betaine/urea deep eutectic solvents
Abstract The heavy metals in the effluents of industries threatens the human health. In this research, aqueous two-phase systems based on two deep eutectic solvents, choline chloride/urea and betaine/urea, along with dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, were used as environmentally friendly systems to ex...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86611-w |
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| author | Atefeh Sadeghi Gholamreza R. Pazuki |
| author_facet | Atefeh Sadeghi Gholamreza R. Pazuki |
| author_sort | Atefeh Sadeghi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The heavy metals in the effluents of industries threatens the human health. In this research, aqueous two-phase systems based on two deep eutectic solvents, choline chloride/urea and betaine/urea, along with dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, were used as environmentally friendly systems to extract hexavalent chromium. Binodal curves and tie lines were obtained for two systems. The effect of temperature, pH, metal concentration and salt composition was investigated on the extraction efficiency of chromium. Increasing the temperature, the concentration of metal and the amount of salt increased the extraction efficiency. The system consisting of choline chloride/urea had better extraction than other and showed extraction efficiency of 86.82 ± 1.99 at pH = 10 and temperature of 25 ºC and metal concentration of 80 mg/l. the system based on betaine/urea showed extraction efficiency of 89.51 ± 1.69 at pH = 8.9 and temperature of 25 °C and metal concentration of 80 mg/l. Considering the same cost of two systems, the system including betaine/urea was evaluated as a better system for the separation of chromium. These systems were also used to separate lead, cobalt, nickel and cadmium that showed their high tendency to the low phase. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-70d91f7795c94e8baddfa485ce7604a7 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-70d91f7795c94e8baddfa485ce7604a72025-02-02T12:16:43ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-0115112910.1038/s41598-025-86611-wSeparation of heavy metals using aqueous two-phase systems based on choline chloride/urea and betaine/urea deep eutectic solventsAtefeh Sadeghi0Gholamreza R. Pazuki1Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic)Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic)Abstract The heavy metals in the effluents of industries threatens the human health. In this research, aqueous two-phase systems based on two deep eutectic solvents, choline chloride/urea and betaine/urea, along with dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, were used as environmentally friendly systems to extract hexavalent chromium. Binodal curves and tie lines were obtained for two systems. The effect of temperature, pH, metal concentration and salt composition was investigated on the extraction efficiency of chromium. Increasing the temperature, the concentration of metal and the amount of salt increased the extraction efficiency. The system consisting of choline chloride/urea had better extraction than other and showed extraction efficiency of 86.82 ± 1.99 at pH = 10 and temperature of 25 ºC and metal concentration of 80 mg/l. the system based on betaine/urea showed extraction efficiency of 89.51 ± 1.69 at pH = 8.9 and temperature of 25 °C and metal concentration of 80 mg/l. Considering the same cost of two systems, the system including betaine/urea was evaluated as a better system for the separation of chromium. These systems were also used to separate lead, cobalt, nickel and cadmium that showed their high tendency to the low phase.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86611-wHeavy metalsAqueous two-phase systemDeep eutectic solventExtractionDistribution coefficient |
| spellingShingle | Atefeh Sadeghi Gholamreza R. Pazuki Separation of heavy metals using aqueous two-phase systems based on choline chloride/urea and betaine/urea deep eutectic solvents Scientific Reports Heavy metals Aqueous two-phase system Deep eutectic solvent Extraction Distribution coefficient |
| title | Separation of heavy metals using aqueous two-phase systems based on choline chloride/urea and betaine/urea deep eutectic solvents |
| title_full | Separation of heavy metals using aqueous two-phase systems based on choline chloride/urea and betaine/urea deep eutectic solvents |
| title_fullStr | Separation of heavy metals using aqueous two-phase systems based on choline chloride/urea and betaine/urea deep eutectic solvents |
| title_full_unstemmed | Separation of heavy metals using aqueous two-phase systems based on choline chloride/urea and betaine/urea deep eutectic solvents |
| title_short | Separation of heavy metals using aqueous two-phase systems based on choline chloride/urea and betaine/urea deep eutectic solvents |
| title_sort | separation of heavy metals using aqueous two phase systems based on choline chloride urea and betaine urea deep eutectic solvents |
| topic | Heavy metals Aqueous two-phase system Deep eutectic solvent Extraction Distribution coefficient |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-86611-w |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT atefehsadeghi separationofheavymetalsusingaqueoustwophasesystemsbasedoncholinechlorideureaandbetaineureadeepeutecticsolvents AT gholamrezarpazuki separationofheavymetalsusingaqueoustwophasesystemsbasedoncholinechlorideureaandbetaineureadeepeutecticsolvents |