Four Generations of ECMWF Reanalyses: An Overview of the Successes in Modeling Precipitation and Remaining Challenges for Freshwater Budget of Ocean Models
Abstract This study reviews the progress made in modeling precipitations in four generations of reanalyses from the European Center for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts, using traditional metrics and a new set of regional metrics. Regional metrics at oceanic basin scales and large land catchment areas...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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American Geophysical Union (AGU)
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Earth and Space Science |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EA003844 |
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| author | Raphael Dussin |
| author_facet | Raphael Dussin |
| author_sort | Raphael Dussin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This study reviews the progress made in modeling precipitations in four generations of reanalyses from the European Center for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts, using traditional metrics and a new set of regional metrics. Regional metrics at oceanic basin scales and large land catchment areas over the continents allow for a more comprehensive analysis of the performance of the reanalyses. This leads to the conclusion that significant progress has been made in the past several decades in both the atmospheric model and the assimilation system at the ECMWF, leading to more realistic precipitation. The most recent ERA5 reanalysis outperforms ERA‐Interim and its predecessors by all metrics considered. ERA5 is then used to force a modern ocean general circulation model, and the results show an improvement in terms of the freshwater budget, particularly after the year 2000. However, uncertainties remain about the magnitude and trends of the modeled evaporation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7018ff2fba084d05846c4d6c076480c5 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2333-5084 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | American Geophysical Union (AGU) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Earth and Space Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-7018ff2fba084d05846c4d6c076480c52025-01-28T11:08:40ZengAmerican Geophysical Union (AGU)Earth and Space Science2333-50842025-01-01121n/an/a10.1029/2024EA003844Four Generations of ECMWF Reanalyses: An Overview of the Successes in Modeling Precipitation and Remaining Challenges for Freshwater Budget of Ocean ModelsRaphael Dussin0National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Princeton NJ USAAbstract This study reviews the progress made in modeling precipitations in four generations of reanalyses from the European Center for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts, using traditional metrics and a new set of regional metrics. Regional metrics at oceanic basin scales and large land catchment areas over the continents allow for a more comprehensive analysis of the performance of the reanalyses. This leads to the conclusion that significant progress has been made in the past several decades in both the atmospheric model and the assimilation system at the ECMWF, leading to more realistic precipitation. The most recent ERA5 reanalysis outperforms ERA‐Interim and its predecessors by all metrics considered. ERA5 is then used to force a modern ocean general circulation model, and the results show an improvement in terms of the freshwater budget, particularly after the year 2000. However, uncertainties remain about the magnitude and trends of the modeled evaporation.https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EA003844 |
| spellingShingle | Raphael Dussin Four Generations of ECMWF Reanalyses: An Overview of the Successes in Modeling Precipitation and Remaining Challenges for Freshwater Budget of Ocean Models Earth and Space Science |
| title | Four Generations of ECMWF Reanalyses: An Overview of the Successes in Modeling Precipitation and Remaining Challenges for Freshwater Budget of Ocean Models |
| title_full | Four Generations of ECMWF Reanalyses: An Overview of the Successes in Modeling Precipitation and Remaining Challenges for Freshwater Budget of Ocean Models |
| title_fullStr | Four Generations of ECMWF Reanalyses: An Overview of the Successes in Modeling Precipitation and Remaining Challenges for Freshwater Budget of Ocean Models |
| title_full_unstemmed | Four Generations of ECMWF Reanalyses: An Overview of the Successes in Modeling Precipitation and Remaining Challenges for Freshwater Budget of Ocean Models |
| title_short | Four Generations of ECMWF Reanalyses: An Overview of the Successes in Modeling Precipitation and Remaining Challenges for Freshwater Budget of Ocean Models |
| title_sort | four generations of ecmwf reanalyses an overview of the successes in modeling precipitation and remaining challenges for freshwater budget of ocean models |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EA003844 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT raphaeldussin fourgenerationsofecmwfreanalysesanoverviewofthesuccessesinmodelingprecipitationandremainingchallengesforfreshwaterbudgetofoceanmodels |