Development of low-pressure polymeric membrane incorporated with powdered activated carbon and nanosilica for groundwater applications
Groundwater has become a vital alternate supply of freshwater, which has now frequently been contaminated with high iron and lead levels that are harmful to human health and agriculture. Hence, various modifications on membrane surfaces are fabricated in this study to improve the membrane’s performa...
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EDP Sciences
2025-01-01
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| Series: | E3S Web of Conferences |
| Online Access: | https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2025/03/e3sconf_isgst2024_01023.pdf |
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| author | Pei Ling Soo Ling Yong Wong Lai Peng Wong Kin Yang Wong |
| author_facet | Pei Ling Soo Ling Yong Wong Lai Peng Wong Kin Yang Wong |
| author_sort | Pei Ling Soo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Groundwater has become a vital alternate supply of freshwater, which has now frequently been contaminated with high iron and lead levels that are harmful to human health and agriculture. Hence, various modifications on membrane surfaces are fabricated in this study to improve the membrane’s performance. Low-pressure PES polymeric membranes are made by combining polyether sulfone (PES) as the polymer, N-methyl-2- pyrrolidone (NMP) as the solvent, and nano-silica (SiO2) and powdered activated carbon (PAC) as additives. The membranes’ performance is tested multiple times to evaluate for their pure water permeation, groundwater filtration flux, the effectiveness of groundwater turbidity, colour, chemical oxygen demand (COD), iron, and lead removal. Results showed that the 5.0 wt.% PES-PAC membrane has the best filtering permeate and flux volume along with the highest removal efficiency for turbidity, colour, COD iron, and lead removal, which are 99.33%, 96.15 %, 96%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. All low-pressure membrane systems successfully reduced the iron concentration in groundwater to the irrigation water standards. Whereas, the 5.0 wt% PES-PAC and 5.0 wt% PES-SiO2 membranes can meet the lead requirements for agricultural water. The membrane with 5.0 wt% PES-PAC fulfils the lead content requirement after treatment for drinking water quality showing the membrane with PAC incorporation as an alternative water treatment technology to ensure water safety. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7000b3e0118b43d4aae4f2db206fe74c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2267-1242 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | EDP Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | E3S Web of Conferences |
| spelling | doaj-art-7000b3e0118b43d4aae4f2db206fe74c2025-02-05T10:47:33ZengEDP SciencesE3S Web of Conferences2267-12422025-01-016030102310.1051/e3sconf/202560301023e3sconf_isgst2024_01023Development of low-pressure polymeric membrane incorporated with powdered activated carbon and nanosilica for groundwater applicationsPei Ling Soo0Ling Yong Wong1Lai Peng Wong2Kin Yang Wong3Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology. Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti Bandar BaratDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology. Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti Bandar BaratDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology. Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti Bandar BaratDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology. Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti Bandar BaratGroundwater has become a vital alternate supply of freshwater, which has now frequently been contaminated with high iron and lead levels that are harmful to human health and agriculture. Hence, various modifications on membrane surfaces are fabricated in this study to improve the membrane’s performance. Low-pressure PES polymeric membranes are made by combining polyether sulfone (PES) as the polymer, N-methyl-2- pyrrolidone (NMP) as the solvent, and nano-silica (SiO2) and powdered activated carbon (PAC) as additives. The membranes’ performance is tested multiple times to evaluate for their pure water permeation, groundwater filtration flux, the effectiveness of groundwater turbidity, colour, chemical oxygen demand (COD), iron, and lead removal. Results showed that the 5.0 wt.% PES-PAC membrane has the best filtering permeate and flux volume along with the highest removal efficiency for turbidity, colour, COD iron, and lead removal, which are 99.33%, 96.15 %, 96%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. All low-pressure membrane systems successfully reduced the iron concentration in groundwater to the irrigation water standards. Whereas, the 5.0 wt% PES-PAC and 5.0 wt% PES-SiO2 membranes can meet the lead requirements for agricultural water. The membrane with 5.0 wt% PES-PAC fulfils the lead content requirement after treatment for drinking water quality showing the membrane with PAC incorporation as an alternative water treatment technology to ensure water safety.https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2025/03/e3sconf_isgst2024_01023.pdf |
| spellingShingle | Pei Ling Soo Ling Yong Wong Lai Peng Wong Kin Yang Wong Development of low-pressure polymeric membrane incorporated with powdered activated carbon and nanosilica for groundwater applications E3S Web of Conferences |
| title | Development of low-pressure polymeric membrane incorporated with powdered activated carbon and nanosilica for groundwater applications |
| title_full | Development of low-pressure polymeric membrane incorporated with powdered activated carbon and nanosilica for groundwater applications |
| title_fullStr | Development of low-pressure polymeric membrane incorporated with powdered activated carbon and nanosilica for groundwater applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of low-pressure polymeric membrane incorporated with powdered activated carbon and nanosilica for groundwater applications |
| title_short | Development of low-pressure polymeric membrane incorporated with powdered activated carbon and nanosilica for groundwater applications |
| title_sort | development of low pressure polymeric membrane incorporated with powdered activated carbon and nanosilica for groundwater applications |
| url | https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2025/03/e3sconf_isgst2024_01023.pdf |
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