A Sting Operation: Risk Assessment and Venom Expenditure by Arizona Bark Scorpions (<i>Centruroides sculpturatus</i>) in a Defensive Context

A Sting Operation: Risk Assessment and Venom Expenditure by Arizona Bark Scorpions (<i>Centruroides sculpturatus</i>) in a Defensive Context

Scorpion antipredator behavior incorporates risk assessment that informs decision-making and venom usage. We quantified antipredator behaviors of the clinically significant Arizona bark scorpion (<i>Centruroides sculpturatus</i>) in their natural environment using exposure to two stimuli...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Lindsay A. Marston, Gerad A. Fox, Kim Y. Hung, Shannon J. Delo, William K. Hayes
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Toxins
Subjects:
defensive behavior
antipredator behavior
predator avoidance behavior
threat avoidance
venom metering
invasive species
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/17/4/198
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