A New Criterion for Transformer Excitation Inrush Current Identification Based on the Wasserstein Distance Algorithm

To circumvent the computational bottlenecks associated with the intermediate steps (e.g., least squares fitting) in conventional sine wave similarity principles and directly acquire the energy metrics required for stabilized sinusoidal waveform characterization, this study leverages time domain prob...

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Main Authors: Shanshan Zhou, Jingguang Huang, Yuanning Zhang, Yulong Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Energies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/14/3872
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author Shanshan Zhou
Jingguang Huang
Yuanning Zhang
Yulong Li
author_facet Shanshan Zhou
Jingguang Huang
Yuanning Zhang
Yulong Li
author_sort Shanshan Zhou
collection DOAJ
description To circumvent the computational bottlenecks associated with the intermediate steps (e.g., least squares fitting) in conventional sine wave similarity principles and directly acquire the energy metrics required for stabilized sinusoidal waveform characterization, this study leverages time domain probability distribution theory. From a complementary advantage perspective, a novel transformer inrush current identification criterion is developed using the Wasserstein distance metric. The methodology employs feature discretization to extract target/template signals, transforming them into state vectors for sample labelling. By quantifying inter-signal energy distribution disparities through this framework, it achieves a precise waveform similarity assessment in sinusoidal regimes. The theoretical analysis and simulations demonstrate that the approach eliminates frequency domain computations while maintaining implementation simplicity. Compared with conventional sine wave similarity methods, the solution streamlines protection logic and significantly enhances practical applicability with accelerated response times. Furthermore, tests conducted on field-recorded circuit breaker closing waveforms using MATLAB R2022a confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method in improving transformer protection performance.
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spelling doaj-art-6edcc652f4634da6b2e76155f50e4e8e2025-08-20T03:35:37ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-07-011814387210.3390/en18143872A New Criterion for Transformer Excitation Inrush Current Identification Based on the Wasserstein Distance AlgorithmShanshan Zhou0Jingguang Huang1Yuanning Zhang2Yulong Li3National Virtual Simulation Experiment Centre for Electrical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, ChinaNational Virtual Simulation Experiment Centre for Electrical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, ChinaSuper High Voltage Company of State Grid Hubei Electric Power Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430050, ChinaNational Virtual Simulation Experiment Centre for Electrical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, ChinaTo circumvent the computational bottlenecks associated with the intermediate steps (e.g., least squares fitting) in conventional sine wave similarity principles and directly acquire the energy metrics required for stabilized sinusoidal waveform characterization, this study leverages time domain probability distribution theory. From a complementary advantage perspective, a novel transformer inrush current identification criterion is developed using the Wasserstein distance metric. The methodology employs feature discretization to extract target/template signals, transforming them into state vectors for sample labelling. By quantifying inter-signal energy distribution disparities through this framework, it achieves a precise waveform similarity assessment in sinusoidal regimes. The theoretical analysis and simulations demonstrate that the approach eliminates frequency domain computations while maintaining implementation simplicity. Compared with conventional sine wave similarity methods, the solution streamlines protection logic and significantly enhances practical applicability with accelerated response times. Furthermore, tests conducted on field-recorded circuit breaker closing waveforms using MATLAB R2022a confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method in improving transformer protection performance.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/14/3872Wasserstein distancefault currentinrush currentenergy distribution
spellingShingle Shanshan Zhou
Jingguang Huang
Yuanning Zhang
Yulong Li
A New Criterion for Transformer Excitation Inrush Current Identification Based on the Wasserstein Distance Algorithm
Energies
Wasserstein distance
fault current
inrush current
energy distribution
title A New Criterion for Transformer Excitation Inrush Current Identification Based on the Wasserstein Distance Algorithm
title_full A New Criterion for Transformer Excitation Inrush Current Identification Based on the Wasserstein Distance Algorithm
title_fullStr A New Criterion for Transformer Excitation Inrush Current Identification Based on the Wasserstein Distance Algorithm
title_full_unstemmed A New Criterion for Transformer Excitation Inrush Current Identification Based on the Wasserstein Distance Algorithm
title_short A New Criterion for Transformer Excitation Inrush Current Identification Based on the Wasserstein Distance Algorithm
title_sort new criterion for transformer excitation inrush current identification based on the wasserstein distance algorithm
topic Wasserstein distance
fault current
inrush current
energy distribution
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/14/3872
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