Associations of linear growth and weight gain in the first 2 years with bone mass at 4 years of age in children in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Abstract Objective: Growth faltering is widespread in many low- and middle-income countries, but its effects on childhood bone mass accrual are unknown. The objective of this study was to estimate associations between length (conditional length-for-age z-scores, cLAZ) and weight (conditional weigh...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Cambridge University Press
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Public Health Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1368980024002301/type/journal_article |
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| author | Maimuna Gias Huma Qamar Farzana Fariha Abdullah Al Mahmud Prakesh Shah Steven A Abrams Daniel E Roth Karen M O’Callaghan |
| author_facet | Maimuna Gias Huma Qamar Farzana Fariha Abdullah Al Mahmud Prakesh Shah Steven A Abrams Daniel E Roth Karen M O’Callaghan |
| author_sort | Maimuna Gias |
| collection | DOAJ |
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Abstract
Objective:
Growth faltering is widespread in many low- and middle-income countries, but its effects on childhood bone mass accrual are unknown. The objective of this study was to estimate associations between length (conditional length-for-age z-scores, cLAZ) and weight (conditional weight-for-age z-scores, cWAZ) gain in three age intervals (ages 0–6, 6–12 and 12–24 months) with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-derived measures of bone mass (total body less head (TBLH) bone mineral content (BMC), areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and bone area) at 4 years of age.
Design:
Associations between interval-specific growth parameters (cLAZ and cWAZ) and bone outcomes were estimated using linear regression models, adjusted for maternal, child and household characteristics.
Setting:
Data collection occurred in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Participants:
599 healthy children enrolled in the BONe and mUScle Health in Kids Study.
Results:
cLAZ in each age interval was positively associated with TBLH BMC, aBMD and bone area at 4 years; however, associations attenuated towards null upon adjustment for concurrent height-for-age z-scores (HAZ) at age 4 years and confounders. cWAZ from 0 to 6 and 6 to 12 months was not associated with bone mass, but every sd increase in cWAZ between 12 and 24 months was associated with greater BMC (7·6 g; 95 % CI: 3·2, 12·0) and aBMD (0·008 g/cm2; 95 % CI: 0·003, 0·014) after adjusting for concurrent WAZ, HAZ and confounders.
Conclusions:
Associations of linear growth (birth to 2 years) with bone mass at age 4 years were explained by concurrent HAZ. Weight gain in the second year of life may increase bone mass independently of linear growth in settings where growth faltering is common.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6edb5810e3f04407980fceb8e78e76a9 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1368-9800 1475-2727 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Cambridge University Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Public Health Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj-art-6edb5810e3f04407980fceb8e78e76a92025-01-21T03:23:23ZengCambridge University PressPublic Health Nutrition1368-98001475-27272024-01-012710.1017/S1368980024002301Associations of linear growth and weight gain in the first 2 years with bone mass at 4 years of age in children in Dhaka, BangladeshMaimuna Gias0Huma Qamar1Farzana Fariha2Abdullah Al Mahmud3Prakesh Shah4Steven A Abrams5Daniel E Roth6Karen M O’Callaghan7Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada Centre for Global Child Health, SickKids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, CanadaCentre for Global Child Health, SickKids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, CanadaNutrition Research Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, BangladeshNutrition Research Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, BangladeshDepartment of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada Department of Paediatrics and Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, CanadaDepartment of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School at the University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USADepartment of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada Centre for Global Child Health, SickKids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, CanadaDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK Abstract Objective: Growth faltering is widespread in many low- and middle-income countries, but its effects on childhood bone mass accrual are unknown. The objective of this study was to estimate associations between length (conditional length-for-age z-scores, cLAZ) and weight (conditional weight-for-age z-scores, cWAZ) gain in three age intervals (ages 0–6, 6–12 and 12–24 months) with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-derived measures of bone mass (total body less head (TBLH) bone mineral content (BMC), areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and bone area) at 4 years of age. Design: Associations between interval-specific growth parameters (cLAZ and cWAZ) and bone outcomes were estimated using linear regression models, adjusted for maternal, child and household characteristics. Setting: Data collection occurred in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Participants: 599 healthy children enrolled in the BONe and mUScle Health in Kids Study. Results: cLAZ in each age interval was positively associated with TBLH BMC, aBMD and bone area at 4 years; however, associations attenuated towards null upon adjustment for concurrent height-for-age z-scores (HAZ) at age 4 years and confounders. cWAZ from 0 to 6 and 6 to 12 months was not associated with bone mass, but every sd increase in cWAZ between 12 and 24 months was associated with greater BMC (7·6 g; 95 % CI: 3·2, 12·0) and aBMD (0·008 g/cm2; 95 % CI: 0·003, 0·014) after adjusting for concurrent WAZ, HAZ and confounders. Conclusions: Associations of linear growth (birth to 2 years) with bone mass at age 4 years were explained by concurrent HAZ. Weight gain in the second year of life may increase bone mass independently of linear growth in settings where growth faltering is common. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1368980024002301/type/journal_articleBone massLinear growthWeight gainChild growth |
| spellingShingle | Maimuna Gias Huma Qamar Farzana Fariha Abdullah Al Mahmud Prakesh Shah Steven A Abrams Daniel E Roth Karen M O’Callaghan Associations of linear growth and weight gain in the first 2 years with bone mass at 4 years of age in children in Dhaka, Bangladesh Public Health Nutrition Bone mass Linear growth Weight gain Child growth |
| title | Associations of linear growth and weight gain in the first 2 years with bone mass at 4 years of age in children in Dhaka, Bangladesh |
| title_full | Associations of linear growth and weight gain in the first 2 years with bone mass at 4 years of age in children in Dhaka, Bangladesh |
| title_fullStr | Associations of linear growth and weight gain in the first 2 years with bone mass at 4 years of age in children in Dhaka, Bangladesh |
| title_full_unstemmed | Associations of linear growth and weight gain in the first 2 years with bone mass at 4 years of age in children in Dhaka, Bangladesh |
| title_short | Associations of linear growth and weight gain in the first 2 years with bone mass at 4 years of age in children in Dhaka, Bangladesh |
| title_sort | associations of linear growth and weight gain in the first 2 years with bone mass at 4 years of age in children in dhaka bangladesh |
| topic | Bone mass Linear growth Weight gain Child growth |
| url | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1368980024002301/type/journal_article |
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