Associations of linear growth and weight gain in the first 2 years with bone mass at 4 years of age in children in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Abstract Objective: Growth faltering is widespread in many low- and middle-income countries, but its effects on childhood bone mass accrual are unknown. The objective of this study was to estimate associations between length (conditional length-for-age z-scores, cLAZ) and weight (conditional weigh...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Cambridge University Press
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Public Health Nutrition |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1368980024002301/type/journal_article |
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| Summary: | Abstract
Objective:
Growth faltering is widespread in many low- and middle-income countries, but its effects on childhood bone mass accrual are unknown. The objective of this study was to estimate associations between length (conditional length-for-age z-scores, cLAZ) and weight (conditional weight-for-age z-scores, cWAZ) gain in three age intervals (ages 0–6, 6–12 and 12–24 months) with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-derived measures of bone mass (total body less head (TBLH) bone mineral content (BMC), areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and bone area) at 4 years of age.
Design:
Associations between interval-specific growth parameters (cLAZ and cWAZ) and bone outcomes were estimated using linear regression models, adjusted for maternal, child and household characteristics.
Setting:
Data collection occurred in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Participants:
599 healthy children enrolled in the BONe and mUScle Health in Kids Study.
Results:
cLAZ in each age interval was positively associated with TBLH BMC, aBMD and bone area at 4 years; however, associations attenuated towards null upon adjustment for concurrent height-for-age z-scores (HAZ) at age 4 years and confounders. cWAZ from 0 to 6 and 6 to 12 months was not associated with bone mass, but every sd increase in cWAZ between 12 and 24 months was associated with greater BMC (7·6 g; 95 % CI: 3·2, 12·0) and aBMD (0·008 g/cm2; 95 % CI: 0·003, 0·014) after adjusting for concurrent WAZ, HAZ and confounders.
Conclusions:
Associations of linear growth (birth to 2 years) with bone mass at age 4 years were explained by concurrent HAZ. Weight gain in the second year of life may increase bone mass independently of linear growth in settings where growth faltering is common.
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| ISSN: | 1368-9800 1475-2727 |