Functional insights into immunoglobulin superfamily proteins in invertebrate neurobiology and immunity

The Immunoglobulin Superfamily (IgSF) represents a vital protein family widely distributed in animal genomes, encompassing multifunctional proteins with immunoglobulin-like domains, including immunoglobulins. These proteins play pivotal roles in various biological processes, such as development, dif...

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Main Authors: Hongyu Li, Yijie Zhang, Yunhuan Zhu, Qingzhi Zhao, Jialu Xu, Xianwei Li, Ling Zhao, Hairun Li, Mingcheng Liu, Yuncheng Qian, Xiaofen Zhang, Keda Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1552151/full
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author Hongyu Li
Hongyu Li
Yijie Zhang
Yunhuan Zhu
Qingzhi Zhao
Jialu Xu
Xianwei Li
Ling Zhao
Hairun Li
Mingcheng Liu
Yuncheng Qian
Xiaofen Zhang
Keda Chen
author_facet Hongyu Li
Hongyu Li
Yijie Zhang
Yunhuan Zhu
Qingzhi Zhao
Jialu Xu
Xianwei Li
Ling Zhao
Hairun Li
Mingcheng Liu
Yuncheng Qian
Xiaofen Zhang
Keda Chen
author_sort Hongyu Li
collection DOAJ
description The Immunoglobulin Superfamily (IgSF) represents a vital protein family widely distributed in animal genomes, encompassing multifunctional proteins with immunoglobulin-like domains, including immunoglobulins. These proteins play pivotal roles in various biological processes, such as development, differentiation, adhesion, activation, regulation, and signal transduction. While the functions of IgSF in vertebrates are relatively well understood, their roles in invertebrates remain underexplored. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the functions and mechanisms of IgSF in invertebrates, focusing on arthropods, mollusks, and other primitive phyla. In arthropods, research on IgSF has primarily emphasized its roles in the nervous system, especially in axonal and synaptic regulation, and its critical functions in the immune system. Studies in mollusks have predominantly highlighted the immunological functions of IgSF in pathogen recognition, clearance responses, and signal transduction. In contrast, research on protozoa and platyhelminths has mainly focused on identifying IgSF molecules, with relatively limited insights into their functional roles. In sponges, IgSF is primarily associated with cell adhesion and intercellular recognition. By exploring the genetic and protein structural diversity of IgSF in invertebrates, this review reveals their multifunctionality and complexity in biological systems. It not only enhances our understanding of the roles of IgSF in invertebrates but also lays the groundwork for future studies on their potential applications in evolutionary biology and disease models.
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spelling doaj-art-6e934f5fb8d34c8b872f2e37dd7d7e682025-08-20T02:54:47ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-04-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.15521511552151Functional insights into immunoglobulin superfamily proteins in invertebrate neurobiology and immunityHongyu Li0Hongyu Li1Yijie Zhang2Yunhuan Zhu3Qingzhi Zhao4Jialu Xu5Xianwei Li6Ling Zhao7Hairun Li8Mingcheng Liu9Yuncheng Qian10Xiaofen Zhang11Keda Chen12Key Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaOcean College, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, ChinaKey Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaKey Laboratory of Artificial Organs and Computational Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaThe Immunoglobulin Superfamily (IgSF) represents a vital protein family widely distributed in animal genomes, encompassing multifunctional proteins with immunoglobulin-like domains, including immunoglobulins. These proteins play pivotal roles in various biological processes, such as development, differentiation, adhesion, activation, regulation, and signal transduction. While the functions of IgSF in vertebrates are relatively well understood, their roles in invertebrates remain underexplored. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the functions and mechanisms of IgSF in invertebrates, focusing on arthropods, mollusks, and other primitive phyla. In arthropods, research on IgSF has primarily emphasized its roles in the nervous system, especially in axonal and synaptic regulation, and its critical functions in the immune system. Studies in mollusks have predominantly highlighted the immunological functions of IgSF in pathogen recognition, clearance responses, and signal transduction. In contrast, research on protozoa and platyhelminths has mainly focused on identifying IgSF molecules, with relatively limited insights into their functional roles. In sponges, IgSF is primarily associated with cell adhesion and intercellular recognition. By exploring the genetic and protein structural diversity of IgSF in invertebrates, this review reveals their multifunctionality and complexity in biological systems. It not only enhances our understanding of the roles of IgSF in invertebrates but also lays the groundwork for future studies on their potential applications in evolutionary biology and disease models.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1552151/fullIgSFarthropodsmollusksnervous systemimmune system
spellingShingle Hongyu Li
Hongyu Li
Yijie Zhang
Yunhuan Zhu
Qingzhi Zhao
Jialu Xu
Xianwei Li
Ling Zhao
Hairun Li
Mingcheng Liu
Yuncheng Qian
Xiaofen Zhang
Keda Chen
Functional insights into immunoglobulin superfamily proteins in invertebrate neurobiology and immunity
Frontiers in Immunology
IgSF
arthropods
mollusks
nervous system
immune system
title Functional insights into immunoglobulin superfamily proteins in invertebrate neurobiology and immunity
title_full Functional insights into immunoglobulin superfamily proteins in invertebrate neurobiology and immunity
title_fullStr Functional insights into immunoglobulin superfamily proteins in invertebrate neurobiology and immunity
title_full_unstemmed Functional insights into immunoglobulin superfamily proteins in invertebrate neurobiology and immunity
title_short Functional insights into immunoglobulin superfamily proteins in invertebrate neurobiology and immunity
title_sort functional insights into immunoglobulin superfamily proteins in invertebrate neurobiology and immunity
topic IgSF
arthropods
mollusks
nervous system
immune system
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1552151/full
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