Antibacterial and Mosquito Repellent Potential of Eight Citrus Cultivars and Their Chemical Composition

Antibacterial and Mosquito Repellent Potential of Eight Citrus Cultivars and Their Chemical Composition

Citrus fruit peels are a rich source of essential oils (EOs), which contain biologically active compounds; however, they are often discarded as waste, which causes pollution. The fresh peels of eight citrus cultivars growing in Pakistan were used to extract EOs through steam distillation. Gas chroma...

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Main Authors: Mehwish Nawaz, Bait Ullah, Muhammad Ghazanfar Abbas, Muhammad Binyameen, Violeta Apšegaitė, Raimondas Mozūraitis, Muhammad Azeem
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Horticulturae
Subjects:
citrus
essential oil
repellent
<i>Aedes aegypti</i>
antibacterial
limonene
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/1/9
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Summary:Citrus fruit peels are a rich source of essential oils (EOs), which contain biologically active compounds; however, they are often discarded as waste, which causes pollution. The fresh peels of eight citrus cultivars growing in Pakistan were used to extract EOs through steam distillation. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of fresh peel EOs revealed that limonene was the most abundant compound, constituting 94.5%, 96.1%, 95.3%, 93.3%, 56.2%, 91.5%, 96.4%, and 96.7% of <i>Citrus jambhiri</i>, <i>C. aurantium</i>, <i>C. sinensis</i> var. Malta cv. Blood Malta, <i>C. sinensis</i> var. Malta cv. Shakri Malta, <i>C. limon</i>, <i>C. pseudolimon</i>, <i>C. reticulata</i> var. Mandarin cv. Feutrell’s Early, and <i>C. reticulata</i> var. Mandarin cv. Kinnow, respectively. The dried peel EO of <i>C. reticulata</i> var. Mandarin cv. Kinnow contained 95.2% limonene. <i>C. limon</i> peel EO exhibited the highest antibacterial activity among all citrus peel EOs with the minimum inhibitory concentration of 312 μg/mL against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. The <i>C. aurantium</i> and <i>C. sinensis</i> var. Malta cv. Shakri Malta peel EOs exhibited the highest mosquito repellent activity against <i>Ae. aegypti</i> females, providing protection for 45 min when tested at a concentration of 166 µg/cm<sup>2</sup>. This study showed <i>C. aurantium</i> and Shakri Malta peel EOs could be used to formulate natural mosquito repellent.
ISSN:2311-7524

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