Spatiotemporal Variations in Phytoplankton Community Structure and Diversity: A Case Study for a Macroalgae–Oyster Reef Ecosystem
The estuarine area of Luanhe River is an important fisheries ground in China’s Bohai Sea. In 2016, Tangshan Marine Ranching Co., Ltd. constructed a 2 km<sup>2</sup> artificial oyster–macroalgae reef area by placing artificial reefs on the seabed adjacent to the Luanhe River Estuary. This...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Min Xu Qi Zhao Yufu Xu Shenzhi Wang Yingbo Yu Haipeng Zhang Yun Wang Jiabin Shen Linlin Yang Yunling Zhang Takayoshi Otaki Teruhisa Komatsu Kaida Xu |
| author_facet | Min Xu Qi Zhao Yufu Xu Shenzhi Wang Yingbo Yu Haipeng Zhang Yun Wang Jiabin Shen Linlin Yang Yunling Zhang Takayoshi Otaki Teruhisa Komatsu Kaida Xu |
| author_sort | Min Xu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The estuarine area of Luanhe River is an important fisheries ground in China’s Bohai Sea. In 2016, Tangshan Marine Ranching Co., Ltd. constructed a 2 km<sup>2</sup> artificial oyster–macroalgae reef area by placing artificial reefs on the seabed adjacent to the Luanhe River Estuary. This action resulted in sustainable annual economic outputs through the fishing and sea cucumber put-and-take fishery. Although Luanhe River runoff and reef construction are important to the local phytoplankton community and fisheries’ production, little is known about how these factors affect phytoplankton community structure in the local coastal ecosystem. In this study, we conducted field surveys to investigate the spatiotemporal variations in species composition, abundance, dominant species, diversity indexes, niche width and overlap, and interspecific connection of the phytoplankton community in the ecosystem of oyster–macroalgal reefs. From July 2016 to August 2017, we collected data before and after reef construction in areas inside and outside of the benthic reefs in both the flood and dry seasons of Luanhe River runoff. We found a total of 79 species, with the majority represented by diatoms and dinoflagellates. The dominant species were <i>Paralia sulcata</i> and <i>Coscinodiscus</i> sp. The total species number and abundance increased from May to September. The species number in the reef area was greater than that outside the reef. Species abundance from August to September was greater in the reef area than in the control area, which was opposite the situation from May to June. We found more phytoplankton abundance in the flood season compared with that in the dry season. Our results suggest that reef construction can benefit the local phytoplankton community and that further studies of the relationship among oysters, macroalgae, and phytoplankton in the system are warranted. Moreover, we provide baseline data about variations in the phytoplankton community in a sea ranch area. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-6debd632157d45caa1c4e26ef17bdd02 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1424-2818 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Diversity |
| spelling | doaj-art-6debd632157d45caa1c4e26ef17bdd022025-01-24T13:29:30ZengMDPI AGDiversity1424-28182025-01-011715210.3390/d17010052Spatiotemporal Variations in Phytoplankton Community Structure and Diversity: A Case Study for a Macroalgae–Oyster Reef EcosystemMin Xu0Qi Zhao1Yufu Xu2Shenzhi Wang3Yingbo Yu4Haipeng Zhang5Yun Wang6Jiabin Shen7Linlin Yang8Yunling Zhang9Takayoshi Otaki10Teruhisa Komatsu11Kaida Xu12Key Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200090, ChinaKey Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, ChinaMarine Living Resources and Environment Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute of Hebei Province (Marine Fishery Ecological Environment Monitoring Station of Hebei Province), Qinghuangdao 066201, ChinaMarine Living Resources and Environment Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute of Hebei Province (Marine Fishery Ecological Environment Monitoring Station of Hebei Province), Qinghuangdao 066201, ChinaResearch Center of Marine Economics, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaMarine Living Resources and Environment Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Ocean and Fisheries Science Research Institute of Hebei Province (Marine Fishery Ecological Environment Monitoring Station of Hebei Province), Qinghuangdao 066201, ChinaEast China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, ChinaEast China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, ChinaKey Laboratory of East China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200090, ChinaHebei Provincial Technology Innovation Center for Coastal Ecology Rehabilitation, Tangshan Marine Ranching Co., Ltd., Tangshan 063610, ChinaJapan Fisheries Information Service Center, Tokyo 104-0055, JapanJapan Fisheries Resource Conservation Association, Tokyo 104-0044, JapanMarine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang, Zhoushan 316100, ChinaThe estuarine area of Luanhe River is an important fisheries ground in China’s Bohai Sea. In 2016, Tangshan Marine Ranching Co., Ltd. constructed a 2 km<sup>2</sup> artificial oyster–macroalgae reef area by placing artificial reefs on the seabed adjacent to the Luanhe River Estuary. This action resulted in sustainable annual economic outputs through the fishing and sea cucumber put-and-take fishery. Although Luanhe River runoff and reef construction are important to the local phytoplankton community and fisheries’ production, little is known about how these factors affect phytoplankton community structure in the local coastal ecosystem. In this study, we conducted field surveys to investigate the spatiotemporal variations in species composition, abundance, dominant species, diversity indexes, niche width and overlap, and interspecific connection of the phytoplankton community in the ecosystem of oyster–macroalgal reefs. From July 2016 to August 2017, we collected data before and after reef construction in areas inside and outside of the benthic reefs in both the flood and dry seasons of Luanhe River runoff. We found a total of 79 species, with the majority represented by diatoms and dinoflagellates. The dominant species were <i>Paralia sulcata</i> and <i>Coscinodiscus</i> sp. The total species number and abundance increased from May to September. The species number in the reef area was greater than that outside the reef. Species abundance from August to September was greater in the reef area than in the control area, which was opposite the situation from May to June. We found more phytoplankton abundance in the flood season compared with that in the dry season. Our results suggest that reef construction can benefit the local phytoplankton community and that further studies of the relationship among oysters, macroalgae, and phytoplankton in the system are warranted. Moreover, we provide baseline data about variations in the phytoplankton community in a sea ranch area.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/17/1/52phytoplanktonLuanhe River Estuarysea ranchoystermacroalgaecommunity structure |
| spellingShingle | Min Xu Qi Zhao Yufu Xu Shenzhi Wang Yingbo Yu Haipeng Zhang Yun Wang Jiabin Shen Linlin Yang Yunling Zhang Takayoshi Otaki Teruhisa Komatsu Kaida Xu Spatiotemporal Variations in Phytoplankton Community Structure and Diversity: A Case Study for a Macroalgae–Oyster Reef Ecosystem Diversity phytoplankton Luanhe River Estuary sea ranch oyster macroalgae community structure |
| title | Spatiotemporal Variations in Phytoplankton Community Structure and Diversity: A Case Study for a Macroalgae–Oyster Reef Ecosystem |
| title_full | Spatiotemporal Variations in Phytoplankton Community Structure and Diversity: A Case Study for a Macroalgae–Oyster Reef Ecosystem |
| title_fullStr | Spatiotemporal Variations in Phytoplankton Community Structure and Diversity: A Case Study for a Macroalgae–Oyster Reef Ecosystem |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatiotemporal Variations in Phytoplankton Community Structure and Diversity: A Case Study for a Macroalgae–Oyster Reef Ecosystem |
| title_short | Spatiotemporal Variations in Phytoplankton Community Structure and Diversity: A Case Study for a Macroalgae–Oyster Reef Ecosystem |
| title_sort | spatiotemporal variations in phytoplankton community structure and diversity a case study for a macroalgae oyster reef ecosystem |
| topic | phytoplankton Luanhe River Estuary sea ranch oyster macroalgae community structure |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-2818/17/1/52 |
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